FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE Daily Report— Central Eurasia FBIS-SOV-94-229 Tuesday 29 November 1994 This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. Daily Report Central Eurasia FBIS-SOV-94-229 CONTENTS 29 November 1994 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Russia Ratifies Agreement on Aid for Refugees, Migrants /ROSSIYSKAYA GAZETA 25 Nov] .......2::++0+ | a IY cic cineesscoomsencsscosacenstensniescasonteiutevasnobneninnaaonnennnginanenatadienoninsiiits | RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Grachev: Russia May Be ‘Forced’ Out of Bosnia /[KRASNAYA ZVEZDA 29 NOV] ......scsscsscesssesssesseseesees 3 | NATO Bosnia Raids Said ‘Acts of Intimidation’ /Rome LA REPUBBLICA 26 Nov] .......:ssssssessesseeseees 3 | Russia Faces NATO, CSCE Bosnian Proposals /KRASNAYA ZVEZDA 26 NOV] .......ssssssssssssessesseseeeeseeess 4 Kozyrev: Contact Group ‘Must Be More Consistent? [Moscow TV] ......:csssccssseeseesessesrnenseneessersenencenseeensens 5 Hostile Serb Reaction to NATO Air Strikes Cited /ROSSIYSKAYA GAZETA 26 Nov] .....s..ssssesseseeseeeees 5 West Seen Favoring Muslims at Serbs’ Expense /[RABOCHAYA TRIBUNA 26 No] ......s.sscsssesssesseeseeesees 6 Fears Over NATO’s Eastward Expansion Viewed /Moscow International] ..........:scssssssssssssssseesessesseseeseess 6 Russia Considers International Discussions /KRASNAYA ZVEZDA 25 Nov] .....s.scssscessssssssseesseeseeseseeseees 7 Russian Envoy on Nuclear Test Ban Talks in Geneva [ITAR-TASS] .0......cccssccssssssscesessescsessssecsseeeeseseeensses 8 Western Restrictions Continue To Impact Russia /IZVESTIYA 25 Nov] ......ssssssssscssseessersseseeseenseeeeensees 9 Soskovets on Dynamism in Russia-Japan Trade /ITAR-TASS] ......::.sscccssssssssssssesssssccesescesssessessseneseeeeenees 10 Tokyo Visit Assessed /ROSSIYSKAYA GAZETA 29 Nov] ......sc.scsssscsssssssssessscsssesssessssssessenssssseesseesens 11 Sides Seek to ‘Elevate Their Relations’ /ITAR-TASS] .............scccssccsscccsscssssssscssscressccsssseccsesssscsssesssoss 11 Pusencs Ueped im Territorial leswe [TTAR-TASS] ........00..ccrcccssccrcscsssssescossesecsessorcsscesscososoccsacsssecoscess 12 Official on Krakow ‘Incident,’ Expulsion /PRAVDA 25 Nov] .......:.:cssssscssssssssessesssersssesesensseeseenseenssenseeeees 12 Danish Commander in Chief on Visit to Russia /KRASNAYA ZVEZDA 26 Nov] .....c.scssscssssessssssesseeseeeee 13 Kuwait Positively Asseses Chernomyrdin’s Visit /I/TAR-TASS] ........ccscsscssssscesssssssesscenseesesseeeseeeneeeeenseseenes it Dee, Cermemmeeden Talks im BEencow fINTERFAXA] .....0...0ccccccrsscscccessserssoesseescccsssesssercscesssescsecosvenseonsees 14 Postpone “Comapechematve Treaty’ [Mascow TV] ....0...0.cccccsocsessscesssccscecssnescoccssccssscscccsesesecocssccssescosess 14 Expert Says Moscow May Cut Fuel Oil Exports /INTERFAX] .........cscccssscssssssssssssssssssesssssesssceeresceeesseeeeeees 14 Lukoil Signs $700 Million Contract With Japanese Firm /ITAR-TASS] .......:.s:sssssscessssssessesseesecnneeeseenseees 15 Equal Rights to Ethnic Russians in Moldova Pledged /ITAR-TASS] .....:...s.scsseessesssesseessessssesereceenenneenseees 15 Kondratyev: Russian Army Should Remain in Dniester [INTERFAX] .........:cccssssssssssscesseesssensnsesnesensesees 15 Russia Faces Changed Priorities, Issues, Options /NEZAVISIMAYA GAZETA 22 Nov] ......sssssssesseeeseees 16 National Affairs Presidential Department Plans ‘Sweeping Inspection” /INTERFAX] .........:ccssccsssssssesssseessaceseseeseeees 19 Government Session Considers Draft Laws /[ROSSIYSKAYA GAZETA 26 Nov] ......s-sesesssseseeeeeeeee 20 Filatov Fears Early Elections Possible /TTAR-TASS) .................sscccccesrscesscescsecosecssscessssccocosencsecsoeees 21 FCS Director Stepashin Sues Zhirinovskiy /ITAR-TASS] ...........:cccsscsssssssscssssssssssssersssesensssseseseeneeees 21 Up to 6 Million CIS Migrants Expecied by Year 2000 /ITAR-TASS] ........scssccssssssesseessenseesseeseneeeees 21 MVD, FCS, Other Bodies Confer on Fighting Crime /KRASNAYA ZVEZDA 26 Nov] .........:0+00.++0 21 Lawmen Speak on Kholodov, WGF Case Investigations /KRASNAYA ZVEZDA 25 Nov] ........+-++- 21 Media Issues Yeltsin Sends Message To State Duma on Broadcasting /ITAR-TASS] ......:.cccscsssssssssessessenseeseseeneens 22 Law on Media Support Protested by Yeltsin, Others /ROSSIYSKIYE VESTI 25 Nov] ........:000+0++0 22 Newspaper Chiefs Suspicious of New Media Law [Moscow TV] ......scsccsscssssessseseesseeseeneeeeeensenssensenes 23 Economic Issues Foreign Policy Line Linked to Large Foreign Debt [KOMSOMOLSKAYA PRAVDA 27 Nov) ........ 23 Minister Denies Reports of Mandatory Sale of Hard Currency /INTERFAX] .........:cscssscsessseeseeeees 24 Melikian Supports Forming Commission on 1995 Budget /INTERFAX] .....:.:sssscssssssesseersessserseeeee 24 Controlled Prices Said Often Higher Than Free Prices /INTERFAX] .........c.scscsssssssssssserseesseeneenseees 24 FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 2 Central Eurasia Coal Miners’ Leader Questions IMF Counsel /[RABOCHAYA TRIBUNA 25 Nov] .......s.scsseseeeeeees 25 Official Says Duma Needs To Adopt Land Code [INTERFAX] u......cc.cscssssssessesscesseeseesseesceseceetcessens 25 Ministry Presents Controversial Farm Policy /IZVESTIYA 23 Nov] ........cccccccssccssssessscesceessceseeeseeees 25 Military & Space Issues Grachev News Conference on Corruption, Chechnya [Moscow Radio] ..........ccccsccssssssesseeseeeseeseceneees 28 COORG Y Cis WHGUNITE CONDE GE FUGUE FEIN IRIPIAD cicceccecinctvscssesesscrciccsectnsseronrsstecsesserecesscnssnorsesevoese 29 Security Tightened at Arms-Making Facilities /ROSSIYSKAYA GAZETA 24 Nov] .....cc.cccccccesseesees 29 Defense Industry Output Rate of Decline Slows /[KRASNAYA ZVEZDA 26 NOV] ........cc.csccsseeeeeees 30 rurther Scandals Among Military Top Brass Predicted /IZVESTIYA 26 Nov] ........ccccccssccessseseesseees 30 Arctic Border District To Be Created ‘Next Year’ /KRASNAYA ZVEZDA 26 Nov] ......c.sccccceeeeeees 31 ‘Red Brigade’ Claims To Shoot ‘Entvepreneurs’ /PRAVDA 26 Nov] ..........cccccccssssesseesscessseesseeeseeeseees 31 Research Satellite To Be Launched From Plesetsk /INTERFAX] ..........:ccccccssssssssseesscsseereeenceseeeneenee 32 Salyut Launches Disclosed As Military Missions (Moscow TV] .......ccsscsscssscssscessessssecesecessenssenseeeeens 32 Tsiklon-3 Satellite Launched From Plesetsk /[TAR-TASS] ........cccssssssssssssssscessesseeseseceeneeseeeeseneeeeees 33 RUSSIA NATIONAL AFFAIRS Federal Assembly Yeltsin Refers Treaty With Vietnam to State Duma /ITAR-TASS] .......ccccccccscssssssseesceseessenseneeneenees 34 Federation Council’s Viktorov on Enlargement of NATO [INTERFAX] .........cc.ccccsscessseeseeeceeeeeees 34 State Duma Receives POW List From Chechnya /ITAR-TASS] .0........ccccsccssscsesseeseeesceesseeseeeeseeesees 34 LDPR Faction Considers Chechen Situation /INTERFAX] ..........:ssscsssssssssssssssssssssseeceesesesessseeceeneees 34 Parliamentarian Urges Russian Mediation in Chechnya /ITAR-TASS] ........:..ccccscecsecsssssesseeseseeseeees 35 Government Neglect of Army Financial Needs Hit /KRASNAYA ZVEZDA 25 Nov] .........::00:00000+ 35 Deputies Comment on Election-Related Laws /ROSSIYSKAYA GAZETA 25 Nov] ....c.ccccsscssseeseees 36 Regional Affairs Leaders Urge Yeltsin To End Chechen ‘Civil War’ /INTERFAX] .0.......:cccccsccssssccesseceesseeesseceeseeeeenees 36 Chechen Opposition Admits ‘Temporary Setback’ /ITAR-TASS] ........:c.sccsssscssseeseesseeesecessesceceeeeees 37 Dudayev on Possible State of Emergency in Chechnya /Moscow Radio] ........sccsssssssssssseseesesesensenees 37 Chechen President Interviewed [Moscow Radio] .....0.....0s.cscscccscssssessserssssssesssccsssscesenseseceesees 38 Rybkin: Yeltsin Will Take Adequate Steps in Chechnya /INTERFAX] .......c.cccccssccsecsssseeesseseseesneees 40 Viktorov on Chechen State of Emergency [Russian TV] ...........ssccsscscerssssssssssssssssssecesonesssessessenseees 40 Ingush Official: Russian Troops Not Involved in Chechnya /ITAR-TASS] .......:.cccsccsssssssesssseeeseeees 40 Official Says Talks May Begin With Chechnya on POWs =/ITAR-TASS] o0....c.ccccccssssssssssseesseeeseeeneees 41 Yeltsin Threatens State of Emergency in Chechnya /ITAR-TASS] .......cccscccssssssssssessesesessesseesseseseeeees 41 Yeltsin, Council Discuss State of Emergency in Chechnya /SEGODNYA 29 Nov] .00.....:cccscssecseseeee 41 PO Ce a ee I IE hrcescitttir teecthinsnntnccncicnincssninnsernsauieniacestacnicncceoesnioss 42 Mothers of Soldiers Captured in Chechnya Appeal to Rybkin [Moscow TV] .......cccscccsscsssesseeseeeseees 42 Chechen Government Emergency Sitting Views Yeltsin Appeal /Radio ROSSii] ........:c.scscsseeeeeeeeees 43 Chernomyrdin, Rybkin Discuss Chechnya /ITAR-TASS] ........s:cssscssssssscssssssssscssssssscssseessseescsenseeeeees 43 Kozyrev: ‘Necessary Decision’ on Chechnya Today /ITAR-TASS] .......c.sccsscsssscsssssssscessceessneennsencees 43 Military To Supervise Surrender of Chechen Weapons [Radio ROSSIi] .......c..cccssessssscesseessesesereeeseees 43 Dudayev Rally Considers Yeltsin Appeal ‘Declaration of War’ //TAR-TASS] .........c.ccssscesseesseeseees 43 Noncombatants Evacuated From Groznyy; Arms Issued /ITAR-TASS] .......:cccccccsssssssessssesceesseeensees 43 Jets Reportedly Bomb Downtown Groznyy, Airport /ITAR-TASS] .......ccccccccssssssssssssssessesecencenseneees ad UKRAINE International Affairs Kuchma Calls For NATO To End Serb Bombing [AFP] ...........c.scccccsscssssssssssssesssscsessessesssesssssensceees 45 I ee COD TIPU ceinisiccnccsececscstsinnecnsscnsssenentonsascnasnranininsntavestinatens 45 Kuchma, Yeltsin Discuss Friendship Treaty /ITAR-TASS] .........:cssccssscssscssssssssssescsssscsscssessssscssessenes 45 Kuchma on U.S. Cooperation, Russian Gas Supplies [UNIAN] .......ccsccssssssesssseressssesessesesesseensenseens 45 ee EE IEEE UCIEED DUTUUED |pitioticsdpisteeninecnvinscuienssnianneniinihindesiieanntinsadipinctinnapatinetasite 46 FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 3 Central Eurasia National Affairs Kuchma, Moroz Differ on New Constitution [UNIAN] .......0.sssccsccsscsssssssssssscrssscsessesssessscsoosssscseses 46 Pastiament Forms Working Groups fINTERFAA] ....00.ccccscssccrscscsersssscrsssovsessssceocsssoserscososseess 46 Communists Oppose Kuchma’s ‘Active Capitalism’ /ITAR-TASS] .........:cscssscssssssssssesssesssseseeseessees 47 PR I CARD Sn EEE NOD cnctetinesesitneecasensesnnssnsinienanshiteeninenencieniumnatecninensesuetst 47 President Signs Business Cooperation Fund Decree [Kiev International] .............cccccccscesssesseeseeseeees 47 EU Takes Control of Two Nuclear Power Plants /ITAR-TASS] .......c.ccsscssscsesssssseeescsesseensesssensesseees 47 Official on Industry Problems, Accidents /INTELNEWS] u00....c.ccsccscssssssssssesesssessssssscescencensees 48 Cossacks Intend To Remain Nevtral in Crimea [INTERFAX] .......ccc:ccssssssssssssesssecescsssensesssesessenseeses 48 WESTERN REGION Belarus Lukashenka on Price Controls, Social Benefits /INTERFAX] ........c.:scsscsssssssssssssesssssessesssesssesseeseessees 49 Chyhir Cites CIS Committee in Food Price Rise /INTERFAX] .0.....:..ccccscsssssssscsssecsssceseceescescsseeeees 4 U.S., Minsk Work Out Agricultural Deal /RESPUBLIKA 26 Nov] .......sc.sssssossssssssssssssssssssessssesceesess 46 Duma Ratifies Minsk, Moscow Troop Treaty [Minsk Radio] ..........ccsccsssssssssssssssscssssessesesessseesenseess 49 Defense Minister Ceases Many Research Projects /KRASNAYA ZVEZDA 26 NOV] ....:..0..ssssseesevsees 50 Moldova Andronic Returns From UN, Discusses Options /INFOTAG] ..........sssssssssssssssessesessesersseessssseeesesees 50 CO EPG, ON MUNN FETT EAIEEE stcsericsaneicrscesccsnssnsennenesiccnssenensataroeesninmtstimmiansinsi 50 International Peacekeepers in Dniester /ITAR-TASS] .........sccsccsscssssssssssssssssssecssssssescssceessecseess 50 Snegur Signs EU Cooperation Agreement [INTERFAX] ............scssccssccssssscssssssscscssssssssssssessessscesseseess 51 Communists Announce Intent To Boycott Elections /INFOTAG] ...........sssssssssscesssessesseseeessscsseeeees 51 Official Confirms South Yemen Plane Sales [Radio ROSSii] .......ssscsssssscsssssssssssessessssenseseeseessessseseees 51 CENTRAL ASIA Kyrgyzstan Akayev on Russian Border Troops Role in CIS Defense [Bishkek Radio] .........:.sccssssssssssesseeeesssees 52 ILO Supports Economic Reform Conference in Bishkek [INTERFAX] .......:c.cccsssssssesssssssesseseeeseees 52 Foreign Minister on International Relations /INTERFAX] ..........:cssssessssssssssssssssesesssessesensssessensenes 53 Tajikistan Rakhmanov, Joint Venture Director Discuss Gold Production [INTERFAX] .......:.scssssssseesseseees 53 Russian General’s Statement on Tajik-Afghan Border (Dushanbe Radio] ...........ccssssssesssssseseeeseeees 54 Warns of ‘Illegal Actions’ by Militants /ITAR-TASS] ........scscccssssssesssesssssssssesssessessseeseesseneseeees 54 Uzbekistan Cooperation Agreement With South Korea Signed [Tashkent Radio] ..........s.sssssssessssesseesssesseseeseess 54 President Raises Pensions, Sickness Benefit [Tashkent Radio] ........c.sscssssssessessessessessessessnssseseeseess 55 UN To Observe Elections; Details on Candidates Given [Tashkent Radio] ............ssssssseeseeseeeeseees 55 CAUCASUS Azerbaijan Aliyev Wants ICO To Discuss Karabakh Issue /INTERFAX] .......:..scssssscsssecssessesseeeseeneeneeseenseeneeees 56 Diplomatic Relations Established With Nicaragua [Baku Radio] ...........csscssesesessereescesssesensenenees 56 Police Seize Weapons, 119 Coup Suspects /ITAR-TASS] ........-ssssssssssssessesssssesssssseeseesseeeeenseneteneseees 56 FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 4 Central Eurasia Georgia Shevardnadze Statement Rejects Abkhaz Independence Be SR RI ee ree ee AE SN EE ae 56 Will Not Negotiate With ‘Independent’ Abkhazia [INTERFAX] .........c...sceccosesseseesesseseesessenes 57 Leaders Hope Russia Will Not Approve Abkhaz Constitution /INTERFAX] ..........c.cccsescessesseseeee 58 Russia, Georgia Call For Abkhazia Summit's Postponement /AFP] ..0...........ccssecsesesseseeseeseceeseeseneeees 58 Dudayev Thanks Abkhaz President For Asylum Offer /IPRINDA] .........:..:-cssssescessessssserseeseeseoseesees 58 Shevardnadze Appeals to Russia, Turkmenistan for Gas /IPRINDA] ...........s.scsseeseseeseeseseeserseseeseeee 58 Security Service Wants Control of All Key Exports /SAKINFORM] .Q.........cccccsssessessessesseesessesseeceesees 59 FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 1 Russia Ratifies Agreement on Aid for Refugees, and import of personal property. This discrepancy reflects Migrants the real situation in Russia’s interstate relations with the MM2811150594 Moscow ROSSIYSKAYA GAZETA in Baltic states.” Russian 25 Nov 94 Weekend Edition p 4 By and large, however, Russia’s participation in the agreement in question will finally create a single legal (Unattributed report incorporating statements by Galina base for settling the problems cf enforced migration. Karelova, chairman of the Federation Council Social Policy Committee, and V. Podoprigora, chairman of the Federation Council Committee for International Affairs; ITAR-TASS Carries Press Review for 29 Nov date, place of interviews not given: “Border Regions’ LD2911065494 Moscow ITAR-TASS in English 0641 Fate”’] GMT 29 Nov 94 [FBIS Translated Text] The Agreement on Aid to Refu- gees and Enforced Resettlers, signed in Moscow 24 [Press Review”—ITAR-TASS headline] September 1993, has been ratified. [FBIS Transcribed Text] Moscow November 29 TASS— Following the collapse of the USSR, many of our compa- ROSSIYSKAYA GAZETA, ROSSIYSKIYE VESTI, triots found themselves “abroad” and in a difficult posi- TRUD and other newspapers front-page articles on the tion. A flood of refugees swept over Russia from virtually results of the All-Russia Conference, at which a 1995 all CIS and Baltic countries. Russia was faced with another draft budget and a government action programme for serious problem: How to provide facilities for its compa- 1995-1997 were discussed on November 26. triots? The newspapers quote President Boris Yeltsin as “According to expert assessments,” Galina Karelova, pointing out that 1994 was not lost for the reform chairman of the Federation Council Committee for process and that the Russian economy begins to operate Social Policy, said, commenting on the situation, “we according to market-determined laws. can expect a deluge of 2-3 million people onto the territory of Russia from the states of the new [novyy] ROSSIYSKIYE VESTI writes in its commentary that abroad in the near future.” “the government's new hard-and-fast financial policy is Last year, for every 100 people who left Russia, 250 not some regular tightening of nuts but is an essential arrived, and 80 percent of these were Russians. The phase of the reform which has become irreversible. agreement envisages commitments by the state to those Contrary to pessimistic forecasts by the opposition the leaving to compensate for the property and housing left economy has not fallen into a hyperinflation”. behind, to settle mutual accounts, and to reimburse All periodicals highlight the situation in Chechnya. expenditure on supporting these categories of people. One of this agreement’s distinguishing features is that, KRASNAYA ZVEZDA (Red Star) maintains that the for the first time in the practice of multilateral relations, Russian Army has no relation to the bloodshed in states are assuming commitments to create an Interstate Groznyy and that fighting there involves “politicians Fund for Aid to Refugees and Enforced Settlers. and hirelings”’. The provision to the effect that the Consultative Council As for servicemen who were allegedly taken prisoner on Labor, Migration, and Social Protection of the Popula- there, it has become known that young Russian men tion of CIS States will give practical assistance in the were captured in Groznyy and forced to put on the implementation of the agreements reached, is also being uniform of Russian soldiers. enshrined. KOMSOMOLSKAYA PRAVDA, for its part, adduces The picture was augmentid by V. Podoprigora, proofs that Russian tankmen, who were taken prisoner, chairman of the Federation Council Committee for fought on the side of the opposition for money as merce- International Affairs: naries. “The agreements between the governments of the Russian NOVAYA YEZHEDNEVNAYA GAZETA (New Daily Federation and the Estonian aiid Latvian Republics create Newspaper) on President Boris Yeltsin's recent tour of a mechanism for protecting the rights of resettlers. They do Pskov region and the section of the Russian-Estonian not require additional funds from the federal budget. The border. expenditure will be borne within the framework of the Federal Migration Program. Admittedly, there are several The newspaper mainiains that the presidential decree on unpleasant nuances here. The committee has come to the the demarcation of the border before December 31 will not conclusion that the agreements with Estonia and Latvia be fully implemented. Navigation buoys, which were to be are on different levels in terms of the implementation of positioned on Lake Churskoe along the entire border line the rights of resettlers. The agreement with Latvia is far dividing the territorial waters of the two states were not ‘tougher’ in this regard; it restricts, for instance, the export been brought to Pskov port in good time. This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 2 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 29 November 1994 KRASNAYA ZVEZDA writes about an inquiry, which is with murdering Aleksandr Men, a Russian Orthodox being conducted by the Baltic Fleet office of military pros- Church clergyman. ecutors, into the activities of uniformed “businessmen” KOMSOMOLSKAYA PRAVD+* writes about the smug- gling of narcotics across the Tajik-Afghan border and TRUD touches upon the unseemly “games” over into Russia. emerald deposits in the Urals. KOMSOMOLSKAYA PRAVDA runs an interview with Sergey Stepashin about the work of the Federal Coun- IZVESTIYA has learned that the Moscow region terintelligence Service, whose personnel caught more prosecutor’s office has charged an undisclosed person spies this year than over the previous seven years. This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 3 Grachev: Russia May Be ‘Forced’ Out of Bosnia a single paratroop regiment, he said, to resolve the MM2911092194 Moscow KRASNAYA ZVEZDA in problem, within a couple of hours, moreover. The min- Russian 29 Nov 94 p 1 ister also stressed that the Russian Federation Armed Forces have not handed over or sold arms to either side. [Report by Mikhail Pogorelyy: “Russian Defense Min- Army Gen. Pavel Grachev also voiced regret at the ister Meets With Danish Commander in Chief”] private nature of the recent State Duma hearings on the so-called case of corruption in the Western Group of [FBIS Translated Text] Army General Pavel Grachev, Forces. The documents submitted by General Burlakov, Russian defense minister, met 28 November with Gen- the minister said, enable everything to be sorted out. It is eral Jorgen Lyng, commander in chief of the Danish a shame that they have not appeared in the press. Some Armed Forces, who is in our country on an official visit. Duma deputies are now trying to put a stop to the matter The two countries’ military commanders discussed mat- and keep it quiet. The Defense Ministry is interested in ters pertaining to military-political cooperation, in par- finding out the truth, Army Gen. Pavel Grachev said. ticular specific measures involved in the plan for coop- eration in 1995. Purely military problems—.- cooperation NATO Bosnia Raids Said ‘Acts of Intimidation’ in exercises and peacemaking actions—were examined a little later at the Russian Federation Armed Forces BR2811144494 Rome LA REPUBBLICA in Italian General Staff, where a plan for contacts between the 26 Nov 94 p 9 Russian and Danish Armed Forces was signed. [Interview with Dmitriy Volkogonov, military adviser to Gen. Lyng’s schedule also includes visits to the Kuban President Yeltsin, by Enrico Franceschini in Moscow; air force garrison, the Leningrad Military District, and date not given: “Moscow Against United States and the Leningrad Naval Base, as well as a visit to Kalinin- NATO; ‘Bombing a Mistake’”’] grad Oblast where the guest will meet with Baltic Fleet seamen and marines and with the men of the 11th [FBIS Translated Excerpt] [passage omitted] Another Guards Army. The interest of Denmark, a Baltic state, in one of Yeltsin’s close collaborators, General Dmitriy this region is quite understandable. However, people in Volkogonov, a Kremlin adviser on military issues, con- this country do not forget other parts of Europe either. firmed that the bombings of Bosnia “are the wrong For instance, during the aforementioned meeting with solution.” He stated during this interview that in Russia Army Gen. Pavel Grachev, the problems of war and there is now a unanimity of positions on the conflict in peace in the former Yugoslavia were vigorously dis- the former Yugoslavia: positions which, with each cussed. passing day, distance Moscow furt.er from the line maintained so far by the United States and the West. The Russian defense minister did not hide his viewpoint from journalists. Answering questions at the end of the [Franceschini] Why do bombings not serve any purpose talks Army Gen. Pavel Grachev expressed concern that in Bosnia? the embargo on shipments of arms and military hard- [Volkogonov] They sometimes serve no purpose in other ware to the warring parties in Bosnia has effectively been kinds of wars too: The Nazis razed Coventry to the lifted. A ‘“‘window” has been opened, the minister ground, transforming their action into a verb—to “‘cov- remarked, and this may be used—as is already happen- entryize”—yet they lost their world conflict. However, in ing—to step up the scale of military operations. There is Bosnia the uselessness of air raids is even more obvious. also concern over the Bosnian Serbs’ reluctance to agree The NATO bombings are nothing more than acts of with the Contact Group’s proposed plan for the territo- intimidation and terror. rial organization of Bosnia. In conditions when we are faced with unilateral decisions and actions, when [Franceschini] It is not like there is a different solution in everyone does as they see fit, Russia may find itself sight. forced to withdraw its peacekeeping contingent. [Volkogonov] I remain convinced that in a civil war in The Russian defense minister commented with some particular the most ineffectual negotiations are prefer- perplexity on recent statements regarding Russian able to fighting. Unfortunately, in the former Yugoslavia troops’ involvement in events in Chechnya. Army Gen. people are not taking the experience of the Korean War Pavel Grachev said that a common-or-garden struggle to heart. In that war the belligerents are still in trenches for power is under way there, and mercenaries from along ihe 38th parallel, and the negotiations are still Afghanistan and the Baltic state are fighting there on under way even now, with the two sides meeting once a Dudayev’s side and quite possibly for the opposition too, month. However, in the meantime there has been no and there are Russians there too. However, claims that more war. On the other hand, what effect would NATO Russian troops are involved are—to say the least— raids have? They would provoke a reaction from Serbia. absurd. Only a militarily inept commander would send The war would become even more bloody. The military tanks into a city without infantry, the defense minister solution would not lead to any good. It is a serious pointed out. If Moscow had anything to do with what is mistake by NATO and the United Nations. Civilians going on in Groznyy, al! that would be needed would be and children have already died from these bombings. By This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 4 KUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 29 November 1994 acting in this way the UN Security Council is compro- population of Bihac and the UN forces stationed there mising itself in the eyes of the world. not their task at all? That is suggested by an assessment of events by Britain’s FINANCIAL TIMES. Recently, it [Franceschini] But NATO supports the bombings in writes, following Washington’s decision to abandon order to defend besieged towns. monitoring the embargo on arms shipments to the [Volkogonov] I do not want to defend anyone. In a civil former Yugoslavia, an obvious split came to a head war it is difficult to say who is guilty. Everyone bears between the United States and its European allies. But their own responsibility. However, it is for this very all that is now behind them following their joint military reason that the international community should demon- operation. What is more, the newspaper believes that it strate its wisdom by putting pressure on the parties is the bombing that should inspire respect in everyone involved to sit down at the negotiating table. Even if they for Western security structures, in other words for stay at the table for a month or a year without results, NATO. talking is better than shooting, is it not? There are also many unresolved conflicts in the former USSR. For Perhaps that is the secret of NATO’s stubbornness, its example, it will take years for the Azeris and Armenians desire for a mandatory show of strength. Let us not forget to reach an agreement on how to divide up Nagorno- that an extremely serious debate regarding the future Karabakh, but in the meantime they have not been security system on the European continent is the back- shooting at each other for six months, and that is drop to the Yugoslav conflict. It is quite clear that at certainly a substantial result. present—following the end of the “Cold War,” the breakup of one of the two military alliances that domi- nated Europe, and the Russian troops’ withdrawal from Russia Faces NATO, CSCE Bosnian Proposals Germany and the Baltic countries—a kind of strategic MM2811152594 Moscow KRASNAYA ZVEZDA in vacuum has been created on a considerable part of the Russian 26 Nov 94 p 2 continent. In conditions where some states are breaking up and others are emerging, this vacuum may lead to the [Article by Aleksandr Golts under the “Topic of the “Balkanization” of Europe and the corrosion of the Week” rubric: “Europe’s Future: NATO or CSCE?”] fundamental principles of pan-European security such as the principle of inviolability of borders. [FBIS Translated Text] The NATO air raids on the Krajina and Bosnian Serbs, the main event of the past Incidentally, it was this fact that Russian President Boris week, present an observer with a difficult problem. Yeltsin pointed to recently. During a visit to the Rus- Previous NATO military actions in Bosnia exhaustively sian-Estonian border he was forced to remind his neigh- demonstrated their absolute pointlessness. Everyone bors that we will not surrender to anyone a single realizes that. The fact that even an armada of four dozen centimeter of our territory. Russia has today been put in state-of-the-art warplanes cannot force the warring par- a position where it is forced to strengthen its borders, ties to seriously abandon the strong-arm solution. The and how far that is from the recent dreams of a Europe fact that the idea of forcibly “compelling people to make without borders from the Atlantic to the Urals. peace” suffered a definitive collapse in the mountains of Bosnia. Of course, this situation cannot be tolerated. It is no coincidence that two solutions can be glimpsed quite After all, in order to put this idea into effect, a “guilty clearly now. First, the preservation and strengthening of party” has to be identified—in this case this role has NATO as the continent’s sole security structure. At the been assigned to the Serbs. But pressure on just one side, same time a clear desire to expand this military alliance according to the logic of internal conflict, inevitably by admitting some “chosen” East European states can be leads to attempts by the other side to use it as an discerned. The aim is quite obvious—to create a new advantage on the battlefield. The Muslims’ recent offen- division of Europe. And not, needless to say, to rebuff sive, waged from areas that have been declared safe areas the “Eastern threat” of which our former Warsaw Pact and are defended by the NATO Air Force, demonstrated allies, who are now dreaming of joining NATO, love to this unequivocally. speak. The main thing being to cut oneself off from that Bombings are pointless not only in the political but also part of the continent dominated by Russia, which has its in the purely military context. They cannot force any of own national interests and which is endeavoring to the warring parties to surrender. As for a ground opera- implement them in foreign policy. tion, it is obvious today that neither NATO nor the United States will run the risk of getting involved in the At the same time the Atlanticists fail to take into seething Yugoslav cauldron. Just one question remains: consideration the fact that this separation of Russia and Why commit the same folly for the sixth and seventh most of the CIS countries from Europe threatens to time, folly that can only fuel the fire of war? revive the old suspicions and give rise to new fears, it threatens ‘o cancel out all the positive elements that have Like it or not, you do wonder: Might the organizers of accumulated over the last few years in East-West rela- these actions have totally different aims from those they tions. That is why Moscow is proposing something are proclaiming? And is the defense of the civilian different. Russia has drafted a package of proposals for This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 5 the upcoming summit-level meeting of CSCE states in the key role that is played by the leadership of federal December. They are all geared to the :undamental reor- Yugoslavia in the peace process. ganization of this international institution. Russia would like to reinforce the CSCE’s executive functions. And [Begin Kozyrev recording] Milosevic is firmly in favor of thus assign the CSCE a central role in ensuring security the peace plan and a peace settlement. I think further and stability on the continent. steps can be expected from Belgrade in this direction, but of course at the same time, the Contact Group and the At the same time it is by no means NATO, whose world community must be more consistent. I have in members number just a few European states, but the mind its steps geared towards supporting Belgrade North Atlantic Cooperation Council, that is seen as the which, despite the Bihac crisis, is firmly in favor of the main CSCE military-political structure, including the peace plan, and attainment of peace in Bosnia. [end maximum number of countries in its work. Russia is recording] [passage omitted] proposing to adopt a Code of Conduct, embracing mili- tary-political norms for relations between states in the field of security, questions of democratic control over Hostile Serb Reaction to NATO Air Strikes Cited armed forces, defense of human rights and the rights of MM2811161594 Moscow ROSSIYSKAYA GAZETA in ethnic minorities. The idea of creating a leadership organ Russian 26 Nov 94 First Edition p 2 within the CSCE with limited membership on the lines of the UN Security Council is the logical culmination of [Report by Aleksandr Shinkin: ““What Will NATO this program. Bombs Bring—Peace or War With United Nations?”]} After all, conflicts can only be prevented and peace- [FBIS Translated Text] Bombs dropped by NATO air- keeping operations conducted (which is evidently what craft have exploded on Bosnian Serb territory. the purpose of a European security structure should be) According to figures from the Krajina Army Command, if permanent CSCE executive organs exist. For all their the aircraft carried out a powerful strike not only against consistency and logic these proposals have one extremely Bosnian Serb air defense systems in Banja Luka and important shortcoming: Inveterate Atlanticists are obvi- Otoka, but also against military targets around Bihac. ously not delighted by them. And it is not very likely that they will be accepted. No, no one, not even the United And it was not only Serb positions that came under air States, denies the need to reinforce the CSCE’s peace- attack, but the battle formations of Fikret Abdic’s keeping potential. But solely “with NATO support” or, Muslim autonomists from the “Autonomous Region of to be more precise, under NATO control. At the same Western Bosnia,”’ who jointly began the storm of Bihac time, as the Russian foreign minister’s recent visit to with the Bosnian Serbs. As a result, as is the case Paris demonstrated, people in France viewed with whenever there is bombing, not only military targets but interest the possibility of creating different mainstays— civilian installations were destroyed, and there were other than the North Atlantic ones—to ensure security. numerous casualties among the civilian population. In this context the NATO bombings do not seem that The latest bombing run was approved by UN Secretary pointless. If they are a show of strength ahead of the General Butrus Ghali himself. “I believe,” he said, “that Budapest meeting. If the Atlanticists have decided to this new NATO air operation was necessary to safeguard demonstrate what privisely NATO represents—the the security of UN forces.” master in the European home. Only are the people who died not too high a rrice to pay for this show of strength? But Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic assessed the NATO bombing as the “actions of a criminal regional organization which has flouted all the norms of interna- Kozyrev: Contact Group ‘Must |3e More tional law.” Consistent’ LD2811201494 Moscow Ostankino Television First The Bosnian Serb leadership is examining the question Channel Network in Russian 1800 GMT 28 Nov 94 of declaring the United Nations the “enemy” in the civil war in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Jovan Zametica, adviser to [From the “Novosti” newscast] the president of the Serb Republic in Bosnia, stated that the state leadership of the Serb Republic “is now com- [FBIS Translated Excerpt] Here is Russian Foreign Min- prehensively studying the question of who is specifically ister Andrey Kozyrev’s view on the situation in Bosnia. responsibile for launching the new NATO air strikes He has just come back from the conflict zone. Our against Serbian positions in the Bihac area.” correspondents report from Belgrade. If it turns out, he noted in a statement to the local SRNA [Unidentified correspondent] Prior to flying to Moscow news agency, that “NATO’s unconcealed aggression from the the military airport Batajnica, in the suburbs of against us was inspired by the United Nations, we will Belgrade, the Russian minister spoke to journalists of his believe that the ('uited Nations has switched to siding satisfaction with the progress of the talks with Slobodan with our opponents. And that will mean war with the Milosevic and confirmed, once more, his assessment of United Nations.” This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 6 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 29 November 1994 Nonetheless, judging by press reports, the NATO missile that he regards the peace process merely as a stage on the and bombing air strikes have one way or another been road to the military defeat of the Serbs. His provocative approved by many countries. statements, as well as the Bosnian Muslims’ provocative actions, which General Michael Rose, commander of Foreign observers believe that the situation in the former UN forces in Bosnia-Herzegovina, has mentioned on Yugoslavia is a threat to the UN’s prestige and is several occasions, have escaped the ears and eyes of the jeopardizing that international organization. world community. The Muslims’ armed adventures in A British analyst noted that now that the United Nations the safe areas have not only gone unpunished but essen- and NATO—which were initially supposed to remain tially have also not been properly condemned even by impartial in the conflict—are getting rapidly drawn more Russian diplomats trying to heal the bloody nose they deeply into the Bosnia crisis, they are being forced by the got from their transatlantic partners for their attempt to actions of the Bosnian Serbs either to leave Bosnia or to butt in on Iraq’s side. essentially begin a war against the Bosnian Serb subunits attacking the “security zones.” None of these options is The Serbs were patient. The Muslims lauched an offen- acceptable. The only solution is to force Pale to adopt the sive and captured move than 250 square kilometers. The peace plan elaborated by the “contact group” for international community kept quiet and did not point dividing up Bosnia. This is why it is necessary to urgently out that the Muslims were crudely violating the princi- step up the search for peace and simultaneously exert ples it itself had declared regarding the “safe area” political pressure on the Bosnian Serbs. In this sense, he around Bihac. believes, Russia is in the best position—it is capable of The Serbs’ counteroffensive is now seen at best as piaying a decisive role in averting an escalation of the ““measures incommensurate” with the enemy’s provoca- war. tions. And they are being “punished” for this by NATO Today in Bonn there will be a long meeting between aircraft. Andrey Kozyrev and Klaus Kinkel, the heads of the Russian and FRG foreign policy departments. The offi- Former Yugoslavia is in Europe and the temperature in cial German Foreign Ministry spokesman reported that it affects, above all, the health of the European Conti- the situation in Bosnia will be the main subject of the nent. As in the days of the cold war and bloc confronta- coming consultations. In particular, considerable atten- tion, they are looking for a doctor on the other side of the tion will be devoted to “harmonizing the positions” of Atlantic, although his prescriptions are often unaccept- the FRG and Russia on the Bosnian problem. able to Europeans. But they still believe in them. And the “doctor” himself, with his array of powerful surgical instruments, does not intend to back down. Once again West Seen Favoring Muslims at Serbs’ Expense he managed to talk his partners-cum-patients into MM2811160194 Moscow RABOCHAYA TRIBUNA in accepting his “plan for stabilization” in Bihac. The idea Russian 26 Nov 94 p 1 is for the Serbian military formations to withdraw from the area and for the Muslim-Croat corps thus to be given [Article by Aleksandr Sorokin: “Medicine Prescribed by the opportunity to pull back. Transatlantic Doctor. Why NATO Lets the Muslims Get Away With It, While ‘Punishing’ the Serbs”’] It is not clear yet whose soldiers will ensure the demili- tarization regime. It appears that, after Somalia, the [FBIS Translated Text] Brussels—The U.S. medicine for Americans do not intend to send in their GI’s. We do not all foreign policy difficulties—air strikes—did not have know either how long the demilitarized zone regime will the expected effect on this occasion. The Bosnian Serbs, be maintained. Until the Muslims regather their forces? with the support of Krajina non-Muslims [inovertsy] and Muslims under the command of Fikret Abdic, did not heed the voice of the Security Council and are con- Fears Over NATO’s Eastward Expansion Viewed tinuing to harry the Fifth Muslim Corps in the vicinity of LD2811222294 Moscow Voice of Russia World Service Bihac. in English 2010 GMT 28 Nov 94 The world community’s wrath knows no bounds. The Serbs are being condemned both in Washington and in [Commentary by Anatoliy Potapov—read by Moscow, not to mention Paris and London. This chorus announcer] of boos is preventing attention from being focused on the tension in the Balkans as it mounts rapidly again. [FBIS Transcribed Text] The United States has sub- mitted to the NATO Council the draft document to The main blame is placed on the Bosnian Serbs, who enlarge the alliance in order to (?speed) it to the east of refused to accept the plan for a peace settlement devised Europe. Anatoliy Potapov has these comments. by the contact group, which Russia was directly involved in. Their decision led to their total international isola- On | December, the foreign ministers of the 16 NATO tion. This is what the Bosnian Muslims were banking on. member states are to determine their strategy to admit Their leader, Ali Izetbegovic, makes no secret of the fact new states from Eastern and central Europe into the This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 7 North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Practical consulta- Moscow will remain scrutinizingly [as received] appre- tions to enlarge NATO started on Washington’s initia- hensive about NATO’s plans to enlarge its membership. tive. Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia are the first in this queue. These countries’ ruling circles Russia Considers International Discussions often repeat a thesis saying that, in their opinion their MM2811121694 Moscow KRASNAYA ZVEZDA in states are at present in a so-called security vacuum. Russian 25 Nov 94 p 3 However, it has been announced that at the session of [Commentary by observer Manki Ponomarev: “The the NATO Council due to be held on 1 December, WEU and NATO Leadership Is Concerned With Both neither the award of priority to enter NATO nor the Maintaining Its Innocence and Gaining Capital”’} exact date (?or) the future members will be determined. The United States suggest that their allies within the next {[FBIS Translated Text] Last week’s sessions of the WEU few months should only reach agreement as regards the {West European Union] Council and the North Atlantic requirements to be made to the future member states. Assembly [NAA] were bound to attract the international public’s attention. The problems discussed and the deci- Among other things, these requirements concern the sions worked out there were intended by their authors to measures to be taken by these countries that would be auticipate the course of the upcoming meeting of CSCE helpful to approximate the state of their armed forces to leaders in Budapest in December and to determine for the NATO standards. Among the terms that are being many years to come the fate of Europe and the whole of discussed are some that, in my opinion, may demand the transatlantic community, as it is now customary to that Russia should pay to them the greatest attention. call it. It is clearly worth therefore discussing this topic in You know, the defense guarantees which NATO grants more detail. to its member states are, in the first place, nuclear guarantees and now the NATO countries must answer For all the diversity of the issues examined in the Dutch the following question—will it be necessary to deploy city of Noordwijk, where the WEU Council session was nuclear weapons on the territories of their new allies? held, and in Washington, where the North Atlantic Assembly session took place, the crucial matter was the True, parallel to the conception to enlarge NATO, reas- discussion of the prospects for expanding these military- suring statements addressed to Russia are coming in political organizations and admitting new members into again and again. They are aimed to convince Russia that the WEU and NATO from the states of Central and East its isolation in Europe is not on the agenda, but now only Europe. True, the approaches in Noordwijk and Wash- the general conception to enlarge NATO is under discus- ington were different. This was mainly due to the fact sion and that in a few years time the international that the United States, which is not a member of the developments may remove this problem from the WEU, did not participate in the Council’s work and did agenda. not exert a direct influence on its results. Until quite recently the WEU was chiefly regarded as the But the question arises how Moscow must react if it is “European pillar” of NATO or, pu more simply, as a clear that NATO continues to be, in the first place, a mere appendage to it. Now the situation is changing military union and granting membership to the new markedly. The military-political union of 10 European countries, except Russia, is moving East, drawing nearer states is becoming increasingly autonomous and to Russia’s border. assuming the characteristics of the EU’s defense struc- ture. It is expected that after the planned reexamination Can it be really true that the covert reason that accounts of the Maastricht Treaty this union will fully merge with for this conception of security is the following— the EU and become its organ designed to put joint somebody is serious when he thinks that Russia again defense policy into effect. constitutes a serious military threat. One can scarcely believe that is true, but I simply cannot think of any All this found clear expression in the declaration other (?deep thought) or reason that would account for adopted in Noordwijk, an extensive document formu- the enlargement of a NATO alliance to extend it ‘o the lating the tasks of developing a unified policy for West East. Europe in the defense sphere. It stresses the need to step up the WEU’s activity. And it is a question of not only Commenting recently in THE NEW YORK TIMES, Mr. enhancing its role in keeping the peace and settling (?Charles Caption), a foreign relations expert from the conflicts on the continent but developing the union as an Georgetown University, said that the eastward extension effective military organization which fully possesses the of NATO would amount to a gross strategic blunder, appropriate operational potential. resulting in renewed divisions in Europe. But a question does arise here. The EU and WEU today Russia is prepared for cooperating equally with the are far from congruent in their makeup. The former has allies. It might be as early as next Friday [2 December] 12 members (or even 16 as of January), while the latter that a comprehensive NATO-Russia cooperation pro- has only 10. Now, however, increasingly loud voices are gram will be finally clinched in Brussels. However, heard in West Europe calling for the direct inclusion in This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copy.ight owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 8 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 29 November 1994 the WEU ofall EU members, including future ones. And the Atlantic alliance. But this is merely in theory, while that means that the West European military grouping in practice mandatory conditions for the admission of wiil come right up to the borders of Russia, since, after new members to the alliance are bring put forward which Austria, Sweden, Norway, and Finland, it is intended in it is difficult to destcribe as acceptable. They include the the near future to admit Hungary, the Czech Republic, establishment uf civilian control over the armed forces, and Poland, with all the countries of Central and East their reorganization in line with NATO norms, partici- Europe, including the states of the Baltic states, being pation in the financing of the bloc’s whole activity, and admitted in the more distant future. the stationing of allied formations on the territory of sovereign states. That is why all this talk about an Of course, the participants in the WEU Council session “innocuous” movement toward the East has to be seen were bound to realize that the spread of their union to as a diplomatic ploy, a desire both to acquire capital and the borders of Russia, Belorussia [Belarus], and Ukraine maintain your innocence. could split Europe anew and revive the situation of the Cold War era. That is why they recorded in their The maneuvers being carried out in the West over the declaration that with the aim of “promoting stability meeting of CSCE leaders planned to take place in throughout Europe the ministers stress the special Budapest at the beginning of December are highly typ- importance of establishing appropriate relations with ical in this regard. Until recently no special enthusiasm Russia and Ukraine.” But, as was said at the final press was being evinced over the meeting. Having rejected out conference, they “in effect did not discuss” the question of hand Russia’s proposals aimed at enhancing the of expanding the WEU. But that does not alter the crux Conference’s role in strengthening stability and security of the matter. They may “in effect” not have discussed in the the area of its operation, the leaders of a number the question of expansion, but it remains on the WEU of Western states spoke with a sor expression on their agenda. They are simply continuing the search for a form faces about the CSCE’s feebleness and uselessness and of words, ways of presenting it without raising misgiv- about the futility of attempts to enhance its role. Reports ings in Russia. even appeared that the U.S. President would not be going to Budapest—there is nothing for him to do there, This particularly manifested itself in the special atten- they said. tion paid in Noordwijk to the WEU’s associate members (Iceland, Norway, and Turkey) and the union’s associate And then suddenly everything changed. Numerous arti- partners (to which category the six states of Central and cles appeared in the American press about the impor- East Europe plus the three Baltic countries belong). The tance of the Budapest meeting and the upcoming trans- representatives of all those countries, plus Denmark and formation of the CSCE into a powerful organ Ireland which have observer status, took part in the work specializing in conflict resolution and peacekeeping. of the Council for the first time. And the WEU associate There is a proposal under discussion that to enhance its members are not confined to participation in discussion. significance the CSCE should be renamed the Organiza- They are, as is noted with satisfaction in the final tion of Security and Cooperation in Europe and that a declaration, “engaged at the present time in forming large-scale agreement be signed among its members. forces which come under WEU orders” and are involved The secret of such a change was revealed by THE NEW in the work of union committees. YORK TIMES. From the Washington administration’s standpoint, a recent issue of the newspaper says, the A similar picture could also be observed at the NAA enhancement of the CSCE s role will ease the “task of session in Washington. There too they discussed the expanding the number of NATO members in the future conclusion of a “strategic agreement” with Russia which, through the admission of the countries of East Europe by according to assembly chairman Karsten Voigt, “will signaling to the former Soviet republics and Russia, in make it possible jointly to establish ’ceilings’ for nuclear particular, that the United States and West Europe arms, coordinate actions if crisis situations arise, and intend to include them in a future agreement on secu- carry out measures to prevent the proliferation of rity.” weapons of mass destruction.” But special emphasis was placed on granting full NATO membership to all the So it turns out on examination that the proponents of European countries which have expressed such a wish. this idea are singing the same old song—expanding the Regarding Russia’s fears over the emergence of a cordon North Atlantic bloc sanitaire on its borders, they can be disregarded as there is no basis for them: “Major” NATO units and com- Russian Envoy on Nuclear Test Ban Talks in bined units will not be stationed in East European states. Geneva So why should Moscow worry needlessly? LD2811224894 Moscow ITAR-TASS World Service in As the Americans, who set the tone in NATO, try to Russian 2035 GMT 28 Nov 94 maintain, the expansion of the alliance to the East will [By ITAR-TASS correspondent Konstantin Pribytkov] not lead to a deterioration in relations with Russia, as in theory Russia will, like the other 22 members of the [FBIS Translated Text] Geneva, 28 Nov—The 37 coun- Partnership for Peace program, have the chance to join tries taking part in the UN Conference on Disarmament This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 9 in Geneva have today resumed the talks on a universal aid it receives. But this is not just an economic and and total ban on nuclear tests. At the inter-session trading measure, it is also political—since ii constitutes a meeting, the conference’s special committee engaged in failure to recognize the fact that we have carried out this problem met. In the course of three weeks, there are reform. In «ther words, in trade F.ussia is still largely to be discussions held here that began in January this seen as the former USSR, which is why sanctions are year, and which were crowned in September with the applied. The most vivid example of that is the announce- passing of the “transitional draft” in which are outlined ment of antidumping measures. the contours of the future agreement on explosions. It is an improbable fact that in this year of busy political “‘We hope to make considerable progress on such tech- and economic contacts between Russia and the West— nical aspects of the treaty as an international system of when the G-7 extended its boundaries te become the monitoring, verification on the spot, an international G-8, when the historic Partnership Agreement was data center, an organization that will be set up by signed with the EU, and when, finally, the procedure for treaty,” Grigoriy Berdennikov, head of the Russian Russia to join the GATT is fully under way—the EU delegation, said in an interview to the ITAR-TASS alone has completed or initiated 11 out of 14 antid- correspondent. umping procedures against Russia. “In its significance the inter-session meeting differs in no Antidumping regulations serve to protect a market from way from the usual annual session of the conference.” firms that sell their goods at below cost price. The “transitional draft” is, to a large extent, of a general In the last five years of the USSR’s existence our alarm and preliminary nature. Many of its provisions have clocks, domestic freezers, pianos, electric motors, and a been placed in square brackets, which bears witness to number of other goods fell victim to West Europe’s the lack of complete consensus on the text of the docu- antidumping measures. Additional duties were levied on ment. In Berdennikov’s opinion “‘it will hardly be pos- them in an attempt to offset the difference between the sible to remove all the brackets during the present export price of our goods and the retail price of similar round,” albeit “something is possible, especially on the goods in the EU market. And almost always this was a technical aspects listed above.” “stop” sign for our exports. “Progress is being made, but unfortunately business is But an entire economic era has passed since then. The not going as fast as we should like,” the diplomat said. West has started to recognize that we no longer have a The Russian delegation intends to achieve an intensifi- state trading system. Although this has not made things cation of the talks process. Precisely this was spoken any easier for Russian exporters. One of the companies about at the session of the UN General Assembly by affected this year has been the “Solikamskiy Magniyevyy Russian President Boris Yeltsin, who spoke in favor of Zavod” [“Solikamsk Magnesium Plant”] Joint-Stock opening the treaty for signing next year so as to com- Company. An antidumping investigation into Russian memorate the 50th anniversary of the UN by halting the magnesium was announced in the EU in early 1994 and further qualitative improvement of nuclear weapons. in the United States in April. “This indeed is the aim of the Russian delegation,” Berdennikov stressed. Plant spokesman Dmitriy Melnikov told me that the grounds for initiating the procedure in Europe was a The two-and-a-half months that have passed since the statement to the Commission of the European Commu- end of the annual session of the disarmament conference nities from the French Pechiney company—the sole have not been a “vacuum” in the work on the agreement. magnesium producer in the EU—on the damage suffered In particular, there have been the five powers’ consulta- as a result of the “dishonest” (author’s quotes) competi- tions in New York, including on issues tabled for the tion by Russian plants. inter-session meeting. Pechiney has indeed suffered some damage—or, more The success of the present round would help progress at accurately, a certain slump in production—of late. But the next annual session, which opens at the beginning of the reasons for that are many and various—they include 1995, the Russian spokesman pointed out. the overall economic slump in the EU in the nineties and, strange as it may seem, the backwardness of their Western Restrictions Continue To Impact Russia technology. It is very difficult to elucidate the extent to MM2811152794 Moscow IZVESTIYA in Russian 25 which this damage was caused by the “dishonest behav- Nov 94 p 4 ior” of Russian producers. But a well-oiled mechanism moved into action—the relevant department of the [Article by Aleksey Portanskiy: “Cold War on Metal Commission of tiie European Communities embarked Market Continues”] on an antidumping investigation. [FBIS Translated Text] As a result of continuing Western The key aspect of it is to determine the price of the trade restrictions, Russia is losing $2-3 billion a year— goods. And in this area, as a rule, the “defeat” of Russian which is comparable to the size of the annual Western exporters is predetermined. The fact is that antidumping This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 10 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 29 November 1994 measures against Russia are quite different from what the highest level of exports of the metal at low prices they would be against Poland, say. For the latter country from the former Union countries to the European is recognized by the EU to be a market-economy country market was in 1992. But no antidumping provisions and, in the event of an antidumping investigation, what were announced at that time. In the EU countries it was is established is the Polish prime cost of a commodity. willingly bought up not only by consumers but also by producers—to offset the inefficiency of their own tech- The West seems to have bestowed on Russia the status of nology. a country with a transitional economy—biut in legal terms this has not yet been laid down, and it continues to What was the resaon for this? be viewed alongside China, Mongolia, and Vietnam as a country without a market economy. Consequently, According to Russian Federation Vice Premier Oleg Western partners do not yet even attempt to determine Davydov, as a result of the badly managed liberalization the prime cost of Russian goods—they claim that both of foreign economic activity we found ourselves in the our raw materials and our resources are deliberately late eighties and early nineties with many inexperienced cheaper than they would be under a market system. exporters who not only lacked experience but were pursuing very definite goals. Fly-by-night companies, The investigation employs one of the methods devel- having obtained sought-after export licences, did their oped—for instance, they “construct” the cost of a similar business and were then forced to quit the market— commodity in a third country with a market economy surplus metal was sold off from stock, and the state set and with a similar per capita GNP to Russia. The price about restoring order in the exports sphere. It was thereby “arrived at” is compared to ours. You do not understandable that the West did not view these tempo- need a great deal of imagination to realize how extensive rary exporters of cheap and low-quality metal as serious the scope is for subjectivity and various fiddles. But the competitors. main thing is that the natural and technological advan- tages that Russian producers may enjoy—as regards the The Solikamsk Magnesium Plant is another matter. Both accessibility of raw materials, for instance—are not in the past and in the present it has “played” by the rules. taken into account. It has become a source of concern to Western compa- The technological factor came into play in the Pechiney nies—the ability of Russian producers to withstand case. competition at normal prices poses a real threat to Western businesses. And, consequently, as the London “The French use the obsolete thermal process to produce METAL BULLETIN aptly put it in its July issue, “per- magnesium—this requires twice as much energy as the estroyka in Russia is over, but the Cold War on the electrolytic process used by us, the Norwegians, and the nonferrous metal market continues.” Americans,” Dmitriy Melnikov explained. “Plants with thermal processes have been shut down over the past few For many of our enterprises—particularly in the mili- years in Japan and Italy.” tary-industrial complex—experts are still their main chance of surviving in the context of the production Here is a curious detail—despite having initiated an slump and the overall economic crisis, Oleg Davydov antidumping procedure against the Solikamsk Magne- believes. Consequently, exports that result from conver- sium Plant, Pechiney does not balk at buying its output sion and the restructuring of Russian enterprises are the for its own needs. The high-quality metal which the price that, one way or another, the West will have to pay French company does not produce turns out to be for the demilitarization of the former USSR. needed by a number of its clients. In accordance with the antidumping investigation pro- Soskovets on Dynamism in Russia-Japan Trade cedure a specially trained investigator was sent from LD2811132594 Moscow ITAR-TASS in English 1209 Brussels to Solikamsk to look into the system of man- GMT 28 Nov 94 agement, supply, sales, funding, and so forth at the Russian plant. After the full report is received, the authorized department of the Commission of the Euro- [By ITAR-TASS correspondent Vasiliy Golovnin] pean Communities will calculate the dumping differen- [FBIS Transcribed Text] Tokyo November 28 TASS— tial and establish if any harm has been done to the “The current state of Russo-Japanese trade does not national industry of a specific EU country. correspond to the real resources of the sides. Lately they The practice of the preceding years has shown that such took important steps aimed essentially at furnishing a harm is almost always established, and proving that new basis for their economic relations,” Russia’s First Russian producers are to blame is not a problem. Duty Vice-Premier Oleg Soskovets told ITAR-TASS. will subsequently be imposed on the gvods in question and this, as a rule, makes them impossible to export. “Russia accounts for one percent of Japan’s fozeign- trade turnover while Japan’s share in Russia’s foreign- The most surprising point about the Russian magnesium trade turnover is less than five per cent. In other words, story is probably the fact that, according to the figures, the two neighbouring countries are faced with the task of This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 11 lending dynamism and stability to their economic con- connection the prime minister invited Viktor Cherno- tacts and elevating them to a new qualitative level,” myrdin to visit Japan at a time convenient to him. Soskovets said. During the conversation Oleg Soskovets reaffirmed that “It is precisely in this context that one should view the the Russian Federation Government intends to rigor- documents, signed during the current visit, on further ously adhere to the provisions of the Tokyo Declaration, development of the mechanism for inter-state coopera- noting that there are plenty of problems that Russia has tion, and the accords on a large package of credit- inherited from the former Coviet Union. He advocated and-financial matters,” Soskovets pointed out. making gradual, step-by-step progress toward formu- lating a mutually acceptable peace treaty, which has not The first vice-premier agreed that the expansion of existed between Moscow and Tokyo since the end of economic relations is hampered by the unresolved World War II. nature of the question of the repayment of Russia’s debts to Japan, including those inherited from the former Russian First Vice Premier Oleg Soskovets’ visit to Soviet Union. Tokyo is geared to resolving specific practical issues and represents an important contribution toward imple- The Russian Government, he said, does a large amount menting the Russian-Japanese Tokyo Declaration signed of work conferring with creditor countries within the in 1993 during President Boris Yeltsin’s visit here. One framework of the Paris Club and is busy working out a of the most important results of the visit has been the technical procedure and financial terms for the signing of four joint documents, primarily a memo- redrafting of the debts in the form of bills of exchange. randum on the creation of an intergovernmental com- After this work is finalized, a practical dialogue with the mission on trade and economic cooperation, something Tokyo Club of holders of Russian debts will begin, on which the sides “were unable to agree for over 20 Soskovets said. years.” Tokyo, as well as Moscow, now has great expec- The vice-premier specially touched upon the undevel- tations thereof. oped nature of a legal basis for economic relations. It is The accord on talks on fishing in the South Kuril region, hard to expect headway without an agreement on the where Japanese fishermen engaged in illegal fishing are encouragement and protection of investments and a new being arrested and fired on by Russian border guards, document on the prevention of double taxation, Sosk- also constituted an important achievement. ovets said. A contract on shipments of oil extraction equipment Citing concrete successful examples of cooperation, the worth $700 million between Russia’s Lukoil and Japan’s first vice-premier recalled, in particular, projects for the Mitsui Bussan trading corporation is expected to be development of oil and gas on the Sakhalin shelf. He signed today. It is thought that the deal will be fully emphasised interest in attracting Japanese businessmen serviced by a loan of $700 million which the Japanese to Russia’s far east to participate in the establishment of Government has guaranteed. This contract will be the new transportation and communications systems there. largest financial agreement concluded within the frame- work of the Russian delegation’s visit to Japan. Tokyo Visit Assessed As a result of its implementation Russia’s oil industry, MM2911090994 Moscow ROSSIYSKAYA GAZETA in primarily in Western Siberia, will receive a powerful Russian 29 Nov 94 First Edition p 2 impetus for recovery: Around 2,000 oil wells where extraction has been suspended over the last few years will be demothballed. [““Own Information” report: “Great Expectations. Will There Be a Breakthrough in Russian-Japanese Rela- The deal is among the most profitable for Russia, but the tions?”’} “trivial matter” of the interest that Lukoil will pay back to its Japanese creditors has not as yet been decided. [FBIS Translated Text] Russian First Vice Premier Oleg The Japanese press noted that, by their intention to Soskovets, who is on an official visit to Tokyo as head of create an intergovernmental commission on trade and a major Russian delegation, handed Japanese Prime the economy at deputy prime minister level, the sides are Minister Tomiichi Murayama personal messages from demonstrating their desire to enliven the frozen trade Boris Yeltsin and Viktor Chernomyrdin. and economic relations. Japan is also demonstrating a They say, inter alia, that the Russian leaders invite positive stance in the belief that the “creation of the Japan’s prime minister to pay an official visit to Russia commission will be a positive factor for the Russian that will serve to broaden political dialogue. economy.” Murayama expressed his thanks for this, but he stressed Sides Seek to ‘Elevate Their Relations’ that his trip to Russia should be imbued with practical LD2911162594 Moscow ITAR-TASS in English 1001 content in the interests of developing relations between GMT 29 Nov 94 the two countries both in the economic sphere and when it comes to resolving the territorial problem. In this [By unidentified ITAR-TASS correspondent] This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 12 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 29 November 1994 [FBIS Transcribed Text] Tokyo November 29 TASS— Patience Urged in Territorial Issue Russia and Japan reaffirm their mutual intention to LD2911092194 Moscow ITAR-TASS in English 0841 elevate their relations to the level of genuine partnership GMT 29 Nov 94 and to consistently implement the agreements, formu- lated in the Tokyo declaration and the other documents, [By unidentified ITAR-TASS correspondent} sign~. during President Boris Yeltsin’s visit to Japan in October 1993. This is the keynote of the joint Russo- {FBIS Transcribed Text] Tokyo November 29 TASS— Japanese press statement, released at the end of First Russian Vice-Premier Oleg Soskovets, currently visiting Vice-Premier Oleg Soskovets’ visit to Japan. Japan, has called on Tokyo during his talks with the Japanese leadership to be “patient and sage” in its During the current talks, the document notes, the sides approach to the Russo-Japanese territorial issue. have noted the importance of further stepping up the Addressing a press conference at the national press club political dialogue between the two countries at all levels here today, he noted that “this was one of the most in order to promote bilateral relations and cooperation difficult questions, raised by the Japanese side during in the solution of several international problems. The these meetings.” sides have, in fact, confirmed Moscow’s and Tokyo’s intention to strive for the earliest possible conclusion of The first vice-premier expressed the view that some time a peace treaty. would be needed to settle the Russo-Japanese territorial issue. He stressed that the sides had confirmed the The parties to the talks have highly assessed the current validity of the bilateral ““Tokyo declaration,” signed at exchange of views on economic problems, particularly summit level in 1993, which had laid the foundation for linked with the improvement of conditions for trade and the settlement of this difficult problem. investment, and more active support to Russia in the Soskovets said that the Japanese side had expressed implementation of several projects. The document notes concern about the unstable political situation in Russia. that an important step was made towards raising the He noted that such fears concerning Russia were exag- level of the commercial-economic dialogue. It acclaims gerated in light of the recently concluded social concord Tokyo’s decision to put off the repayment of the former treaty and several other steps taken by the Russian USSR’s commercial debt, insured by the Japanese Gov- administration. ernment, the term of which expires in 1994. Comparing the political situations in Russia and Japan, Both sides have achieved substantial progress in he called attention to the fact that the situation in the deciding what Japanese technical assistance could be latter remained absolutely stable in ¢ vite of the intensive given to the Russian reforms, intended to switch the regroupment of forces, which had occurred in Japan country over to a market economy. They pin great hopes during the past one or two years. in this connection on the efforts of the Russo-Japanese inter-governmental commission for commercial and eco- Official on Krakow ‘Incident,’ Expulsion nomic matters. A memorandum on its establishment MM2811125694 Moscow PRAVDA in Russian 25 Nov was signed in Tokyo by Soskovets and Japanese Vice- 94 p3 Premier and Foreign Minister Yohei Kono. The Japa- nese government has reaffirmed its intention to help Russia join or take part in the work of international [Article by Mikhail Tretyakov: “Who Demands the economic organisations, to back, in particular, its acces- Russian Consul’s Expulsion. New Complication in Rus- sion to GATT-WTO. sian-Polish Relations”} . The statement notes that the achievement of a joint [FBIS Translated Text] Warsaw—The Polish Ministry of decision to begin shortly talks on the development of Foreign Affairs sees no grounds for expelling Boris Shardakov, Russian vice consul in Krakow, from the cooperation in fishing around the South Kuril islands country, Andrzej Olechowski, head of the Polish foreign can be regarded as an important result of Soskovets’ visit policy department, has declared. to Japan. The Russian first vice-premier, the final doc- ument notes, has expressed gratitude for Japan’s urgent What, then, has happened, and why has the question of humanitarian aid to the population of the South Kuril the Polish side’s declaring the Russian consul in Krakow islands, which suffered from a devastating earthquake persona non grata arisen? It was like this. On 7 and Tsunami on October 4, 1994. November, the anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, approximately 15 people from Soskovets confirmed the Russian president’s invitation right-wing organizations in Krakow held a demonstra- to the Japanese premier to pay an official visit to Russia. tion near the Russian General Consulate. It later turned He also invited Foreign Minister Yohei Kono to visit out that it had not been sanctioned, since its organizers Moscow for bilateral consultations on commercial and had not received appropriate permission from the local ecomomic problems. authorities. This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 13 Returning from the city at that time, Shardakov was of the gas pipeline from Russia to West Europe. A huge stopped by a local journalist who recognized him. Our investment, which promises Warsaw tremendous diplomatic staffer was asked about his attitude to this profits. Specialists on the Vistula believe, not without measure. Its nature could be judged from the following grounds, that it might give a boost to the further devel- slogans: “Beat the Bolsheviks, save free thought!” This opment of the Polish economy. banner hung on the fence of our general consulate. Another slogan could be seen in front of the entrance to Those who initiated the fanning of anti-Russian feeling the building: “Communists, we remember your crimes!” in Poland have achieved some success. The timing of etc. Chernomyrdin’s visit to Warsaw is no longer being indicated, and it is being said that it cannot take place One of the demonstrators put a provocative question to before next year. A pity. Particularly zealous in fueling Shardakov in a demanding tone: “When will the memo- the anti-Russian campaign are those Polish mass media rial to Soviet servicemen in the Barbican (downtown that are dominated by Western capital and nationalists Krakow—correspondent’s note) be removed?” He of the Confederation for an Independent Poland—a replied that this would be according to the corresponding small party seeking any means of making its presence felt agreement recently signed between the two countries. on the country’s political stage. Next to be touched upon in the ensuing discussion were Polish television's first channel also provided wide cov- some historical questions connected with Pilsudski’s erage of the Krakow incident. Its cameramen practically intervention in Belorussia [Belarus] and Ukraine in 1920 bent over backward to show the mass nature of the and the fate of 60,000 Red Army men who went missing demonstration outside the Polish Foreign Ministry on Polish territory. It has to be said that the demonstra- building, demanding Shardakov’s expulsion. They really tors conducted the discussion in an aggressive tone and had their work cut out, since there were only some 20 were not stinting of insulting attacks on our country. Our demonstrators plus journalists. People could not be consul’s replies drew a parallel with Katyn in this issue found who wished to come to the Russian Embassy in and compared the policy of Pilsudski with that of Stalin. Warsaw and collect signatures against our consul. The demonstration was, in fact, illegal. Therefore it has For five years in succession the local press has not stinted to be understood that Consul Shardakov was expressing on the basest methods in its coverage of historic events his own opinion in a private conversation. But certain and of present-day reality in our country and on political forces here are trying to portray this almost as insulting attacks on not only its former leaders but also Russia’s official position. its present president. Eight days later certain Polish mass media started The Polish foreign policy department must be given its mounting a new purposeful anti-Russian campaign over due: It has not let itself be strung along by those who seek this incident. At the same time, strange though this may to erect a notorious “Berlin wall” between our countries seem—maybe this is precisely what its initiators but has treated the Krakow incident in a calm and wanted—it coincided with the visit of Andrzej Milcza- considered manner. And yet some people are evidently nowski, Polish minister of interna! affairs, to Moscow, very much opposed to rapprochement between Warsaw during which he succeeded in removing the tension in and Moscow and to our peoples trading and living in Russian-Polish relations in connection with the post- friendship. ponement of Russian Prime Minister Viktor Cherno- myrdin’s visit to Warsaw. Danish Commander in Chief on Visit to Russia At the time it was not ruled out that, following elucida- MM2911100094 Moscow KRASNAYA ZVEZDA in tion of the incident involving Russian passengers at one Russian 26 Nov 94 p 2 of Warsaw’s stations, which led to the vis't’s deferment, V. Chernomyrdin would come to Poland at the begin- [Report by Defense Ministry Press and Information ning of December. Then suddenly a new complication Directorate: “Official Visit’’] arose in relations between our countries. The impression is created that certain political forces in {[FBIS Translated Text] General Jorgen !ung, com- Poland are seeking to torpedo the Russian premier’s visit mander in chief of the Danish Armed Forces, arrives in by any means and to prevent the revival of economic Russia on an official visit 27 November. During the visit relations between Warsaw and Moscow. talks are scheduled with Army General Pavel Grachev, Russian defense minister; Colonel General Mikhail During Chernomyrdin’s stay in Warsaw it is planned to Kolesnikov, chief of the General Staff of the Russian resolve two fundamental questions, in which both Armed Forces; and Colonel General Georgiy Kondra- Poland and Russia have an interest. It is a question, tyev, Russian deputy defense minister. Gen. Jorgen above all, of settling the mutual debts, which remain the Lyung and Col. Gen. Mikhail Kolesnikov will sign a plan chief obstacle in the way of activating trade relations. for contacts between the two countries’ armed forces in Second, the construction on Polish territory of a section 1995. This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 14 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 29 November 1994 The visit’s schedule also envisages a visit to a Moscow Consultations will be held on December 15 on the Oblast air force garrison in Kubiska, visits to troop units wording of a Friendship and Cooperation Treaty to be in Leningrad Military District and Kaliningrad Defense signed by Presidents Boris Yeltsin and Leonid Kuchma. Area, and meetings with their command. The visit will The two prime ministers also told the heads of the two last until 2 December. state delegations to report back on the results uf all the talks and consultations before December 20. Kuwait Positively Asseses Chernomyrdin’s Visit A senior official of the Russian negotiating team said LD2811172594 Moscow ITAR-TASS in English 1548 that with this schedule of bilateral talks and consulta- GMT 28 Nov 94 tions President Boris Yeltsin would hardly go ahead with his official visit to Kiev in 1994 to sign the Friendship [By ITAR-TASS correspondent Viktor Lebedev] and Cooperation Treaty and to reach essential agree- ment on key issues in bilateral relations. The visit is {FBIS Transcribed Text] Kuwait City November 28 more likely to take place early in 1995. TASS—The Kuwaiti Government discussed the results of the Russian Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin’s Postpone ‘Comprehensive Treaty’ visit to Kuwait and expressed the hope that the meetings LD2811212294 Moscow NTV in Russian 1900 GMT 28 held in the Kuwaiti capital and the agreements and Nov 94 protocols signed by the two countries “will promote the strengthening of relations and cooperation between the [FBIS Translated Text] The signature of a comprehen- two friendly countries.” sive agreement between Russia and Ukraine, which was due to take place during the visit of President Yeltsin to At a meeting on Sunday [27 November] the Kuwaiti Kiev at the end of November, has now been postponed Government highly assessed Russia’s “positive stand” until the next year. This has emerged from the negotia- on the settlement of the Kuwaiti crisis. He said Russia tions of the Ukrainian prime minister [Vitaliy Masol] invariably supported Kuwait’s just cause and all the with [Russian Prime Minister] Viktor Chernomyrdin resolutions of the U.N. Security Council that put an end and Deputy Prime Minister Aleksey Bolshakov, to hostilities in the north in the Arabian Peninsula in chairman of the Interstate Economic Committee. The February 1991. The Kuwaiti Government expressed main purpose of the meeting was to issue instructions to gratitude to Moscow for its continued effort in the respective delegations. The heads of cabinets have interest of consolidating peace and security in the region instructed them to prepare in the first half of December on a basis of the observance of all decisions of the world their positions on unresolved issues. The key issues are community by Iraq. textual disagreements in the main treaty, the Black Sea Fleet and Ukraine’s debts to Russia. Masol, Chernomyrdin Talks in Moscow In the meantime, in spite of Ukraine’s debt of $3 billion, LD2811215994 Moscow INTERFAX in English 1941 we have learned that a contract to supply Russian gas GMT 28 Nov 94 next year will allegedly be signed tomorrow. It appears that Moscow values its geopolitical relations with Kiev {[FBIS Transcribed Text] Prime Ministers Viktor Cher- much higher than the financial ones. Considering nomyrdin of Russia and Vitaliy Masol of Ukraine Ukraine’s economic predicament, it is very unlikely that “reached an understanding on completion of the negoti- it will be able to pay Russia back in the foreseeable ating process on certain outstanding issues in the bilat- future. eral relations” in their talks behind closed doors in Moscow Monday [28 November], a source in the Rus- However, Kiev is not agreeing yet to the Kremlin’s offer sian negotiating team told Interfax. to pay the debts by such non-traditional ways as haulage concessions, or transferring to joint ownership the enter- He said that the prime ministers had told the appropriate prises that are of interest to Russia’s fuel and power agencies of their countries to bring to a completion on complex. November 29 the talks on the Ukrainian $635 million debt to Russia for the supplies of fuels and other goods Incidentally, the postponement of the comprehensive and sign, in the light of the results of the talks, a contract treaty automatically postpones indefinitely the adoption on gas supplies to Ukraine in December. of such important documents as the dual citizenship agreement, visa-free travel, and military cooperation— The two prime ministers agreed that state delegations of all in all over 40 drafts that are due to regulate the the two countries, headed by Russian First Deputy relations between formerly fraternal republics. Prime Minister Oleg Soskovets and his Ukrainian coun- terpart Yevgeniy Marchuk, would hold talks on the Expert Says Moscow May Cut Fuel Oil Exports Black Sea Fleet on December 6. LD2811175294 Moscow INTERFAX in English 1705 Consultations will be held simultaneously on restruc- GMT 28 Nov 94 turing Ukraine’s overdue debt for the supplies of Rus- [FBIS Transcribed Text] Russia may cut fuel oil exports sian fuels and other goods in 1992 and 1993. over the winter period and increase export duties, a This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 15 senior expert close to the Russian government believes. credit, we shall be able to produce additionally 42 At present, the export duty on fuel oil runs at ECU 8 per million tonnes of oil,” the Lukoil president said. one tonne. This contract is very important not only for the Russian He says the measure is caused by a drastic situation in firm but to Russia as a whole as well, Alekperov said. fuel and electricity supply to the national economy over “According to our estimates, this contract will bring this autumn and winter. Russia about 2,000 million USD,” tne Lukoil president emphasised. Because of a lack of fuel stocks, the situation with power generation has been critical this month at fuel-powered It is no secret that foreign companies do not quit trust electric stations in Karelia and Primorsky, Khabarovsk, Russian firms and grant credits to them reluctantly and Arkhangelsk and Murmansk regions. only with firm guarantees from the Russian Govern- It is now known that the government plans urgent fuel ment. “From this point of view, one can say that our supplies this year and early next to get the country’s contract is a breaktrhough in this respect anc provides a energy complex going. realistic example for Western bankers,” the Russian company president pointed out. An extra 6.4 million tonnes of fuel oti, 32.7 billion cubic meters of gas and 23 million tonnes of coal will be The Lukoil is aiready negotiating with Japanese partners supplied to power stations this month and in December for the allocation of a new large commercial credit in The same indicators for the first quarter of 1995 will rut. future for the construction of an oil processing plant, at 8.2 million tonnes, 48.5 billion cubic meters and 35.8 Alekperov said. million tonnes respectively. Russia’s fuel oil exports ran at 9.8 million tonnes in the Equal Rights to Ethnic Russians in Moldova past six months. It exported more than 2.25 million Pledged tonnes of fuel oil to CIS and Baltic states in the nine LD2911112194 Moscow ITAR-TASS in English 1035 months of this year. GMT 29 Nov 94 Lukoil Signs $700 Million Contract With [By ITAR-TASS parliamentary correspondent Lyudmila Japanese Firm Yermakova] LD2911101394 Moscow ITAR-TASS in English 0946 GMT 29 Nov 94 [FBIS Transcribed Text] Moscow November 29 TASS— Ethnic Russians will enjoy equal rights with all other [By unidentified ITAR-TASS correspondent] citizens of Moldavia [Moldova], the Moldavian parlia- ment speaker said at today’s meeting with Valeriyan [FBIS Transcribed Text] Tokyo November 29 TASS—A Viktorov, deputy speaker of the Russian Federal Assem- contract on the granting of a credit of 700 million U.S. bly’s upper house. Petr Luchinskiy is currently on dollars to the Russian Lukoil company was signed by Moscow visit upon invitation of the Russian legislature. Lukoil President Vagit Alekperov and the Japanese Mitsui Bussan company here on Tuesday [29 Moldavian leadership “has made and will make every November]. effort to ensure that people of any ethnic origin, including the Russian- speaking population, feel them- “It is the first time a Russian firm gets a commercial selves equally-righted citizens of the united and sover- credit abroad without Russian Government guarantees. eign Moldovia,” Luchinskiy said. We hope that other foreign companies will follow the example of our Japanese partners in the near future,” Russia and Moldavia must develop cooperation in all Alekperov told ITAR-TASS. spheres, Luchinskiy said, “‘as we have much to tie us together”. Viktorov agreed with this statement, con- Under the contract, which has become a major financial firming that Russia “intends to continue furthering agreement concluded during the current visit of Russia’s bilateral relations” with Moldavia. First Vice-Premier Oleg Soskovets to Japan, the credit is be granted for a period of seven years and is to be used for the purchase of oil production equipment. Kondratyev: Russian Army Should Remain in Dniester Approximately 20 per cent of the entire amount of equipment is to be bought in Japan on the account of the LD2811190194 Moscow INTERFAX in English 1609 credit and the rest will be purchased in Rusvia, other CIS GMT 28 Nov 94 countries and on the world market. [FBIS Transcribed Text] The Russian Deputy Defense “During the first two years, we are exempt from the Minister, Colonel-General Georgiy Kondratyev has repayment of debts on the credit, which will enable us urged the personnel of the 14th army to continue service effectively to use new production facilities which are to in Transdniestria and not to pay much attention to the come into being as a result of the credit. Due to this withdrawal agreement signed with Moldova. This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 16 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 29 November 1994 “Forget about the agreement. It was signed but there is seems to be one of the Russian intelligentsia’s favorite no mechanism of withdrawal therefore militarymen occupations to moralize on this subject. It is sad that this should engage in their planned activities,” the general speculative theorizing (albeit, of course, “reinforced” by told at a Sunday meeting with the leadership of the 14th various computations) is transformed, with a kind of army at the end of his visit to Moldova and Transdnies- fatal inevitability, into Messianism in respect of our own tria. and other peoples. After the statement the commander of the 14th army In this regard Eurupe is slightly wiser. It lives, develops, Lieutenant-General Aleksandr Lebed stood up and and, where necessary, defends itself against Russian said:“Yes, sir.” Messianism. Its second coming on our soil is a special case. The point is that Marxist Messianism—the most According to well-informed sources, during the visit to odious in terms of both form and content—nonetheless Kishinev [Chisinau] Kondratyev discussed with the came iiito being in West Europe. It is another matter that Moldovan leadership the possibility of militarymen it found the most zealous disciples on our soil. from the 14th army acting as peace-keepers after Russia unilaterally decided to cut down its contingent. The A line has been drawn between Russia and Europe for same sources told Interfax that in case militarymen from understandable and very banal reasons. Russia is a the 14th army join the peace-keeping force they will be half-European, half-Asian country in terms of not only subordinate to the joint control commission and this its geographic location but alsothe way of life, traditions, requires the consent of all the sides to the commission. and world outlook of the people who inhabit it. It is peculiarly, profoundly, and, seemingly, ineradicably reli- Meanwhile, the deputy speaker of the Moldovan parlia- gious, having returned easily to paganism during the ment Nikolay Andronik turned down this possibility. He communist period. It nas a very rich and original culture. told a news conference that the Moldovan leadership is It traditionally bows down before others (which, how- categorically opposed to the 14th Army becoming a ever, does not rule out suspiciousness, hostility, and even peace-keeping force in Transdniestria. hatred toward them) and it lacks confidence in itself. He said that if this is permitted, the withdrawal agree- The time has come to finally draw up a positive concept ment will be blocked and it will become unrealistic to of the development of Russia, Europe, and, along with hope for its implementation in three years. them, the world. Let us ponder: Practically everything Observers believe that in Transdniestria which has a positive that was done meant the rejection of some “no.” chance of filling the peace-keeping contingent with its Of course, repudiation of the arms race and ideological own formations instead of Russian is unlikely to accept confrontation was a necessary stage in East-West rela- the proposal and it will be blocked. tions. But stereotypes of various kinds are too deeply etched in consciousness on both sides of the collapsing On October 21 the Prime-Ministers of Russia and and already destroyed “Iron Curtain.” While finding Moldova Viktor Chernomyrdin and Andrey Sangeli within themselves the strength to reject former absurdi- signed in Moscow the agreement on the withdrawal of ties, people both there and here have been unable to the 14th Russian Army in three years. cross the invisible barrier beyond which “no” turns into an all-European and subsequently an all-civilization “yes.” Russia Faces Changed Priorities, Issues, Options MM2311144694 Moscow NEZAVISIMAYA GAZETA The USSR no longer exists. Its former republics have in Russian 22 Nov 94 p 5 Russia Has Fewer Foreign congratulated each other and themselves on indepen- Policy Opportunities Than the USSR“) dence. But they still retain the former Soviet Army on their territories and total interdependence. The old prob- [FBIS Translated Text] Smolenskaya-Sennaya—Only lems remain. Many of them have exacerbated. The recently it would have been hard to imagine tie present continuing anarchy and growing nationalism harbor not chaotic development of events in Europe. Indeed, after only considerable regional dangers bt also dangers to all the end of the Cold War mankind discovered that it was of civili in a state of complete disorder. Particularly the former socialist countries. Liberation from the USSR’s diktat An unbiased and unideologized observer can be in no and the disappearance of the Warsaw Pact could not doubt that for everyone everything now depends on the resolve all their problems. state of affairs where statehood, the population, and democracy are most vulnerable. That is, on Russia above As regards the former USSR, the situation is still more all, since all the other former —nion republics are practi- serious. It has been liberated from itself. From the cally entirely dependent on it. The total risk is extremely ideology which had been humiliating people for over great both for this vast territory, and for the neighboring seven decades. From its “allies.” From its own territory. countries, and for European security and stabilit: . Polit- Finally, from statehood. ical instability in Russia poses the greatest danger. A whole bunch of different theories exist about Russia, Following the breakup of the USSR, many people have its place and role in Europe, and its historical mission. It been complaining that the world has become monopolar. This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 17 This is an optical illusion. The fact that one of the poles thinking and still more to superpower thinking. But the of the bipolar world has ceased to exist certainly does not choice is simple: either we accept words that contradict mean that it has mutated mechanically into some unipo- the truth of life, as in the communist period, or we try to larity, even a linguistically incomprehensible one. But do something real to improve our internal and external there is a reliable means of making a fairytale come true: situation. artificially to counteract this imeginary unipolarity. There are questions as bitter as gall. One of them is this: In reality the world is now extremely multipolar. The Do we want to be a superpower possessing the power of ending of the USSR’s diktat in respect of many states has life and death over a planet of people, or a normal led to not only positive but also unforeseen negative country? If we want to be, can we? As regards the results: the revival of interethnic, interreligious, and question of our ability to be a normal country, at present, other tensions. The disappearance of one of two super- unfortunately, an unequivocally negative reply must be powers from the political map of the world as a conse- made to it. This is conditioned by the country’s eco- quence of the USSR’s breakup could not fail to bring nomic situation, the population’s low living standards, about a redistribution of influence and a shifting of and the political instability. As regards the first question, centers of gravity in international relations. Nation- it is a matter of taste. The ordinary Russian mentality alism, interreligious dissension, a thirst for power, and a says: We Russkies beat Genghis Khan, Napoleon, and thirst for vengeance rushed into the vacuum which had Hitler. We even erected the Victory Memorial! Of been formed. The system of international relations got course, it is possible and necessary to take pride in out of control. victories. But need we prepare for future victories? For The change in the correlation of forces in the world, its those that cannot and must not be? conversion into a multipolar world, and other conse- quences of the USSR’s breakup determine the need to Here is the key question of Russia’s domestic and foreign reinterpret the country’s entire foreign policy. A situa- policy. Namely: In what way and by what means is the tion has taken shape in which it is vital for Russia to country’s national security to be ensured? There can be work out a realistic and considered foreign policy course no doubt that the system of our foreign policy priorities geared to the future. Particularly as internal instability, has changed significantly since the USSR’s breakup. declining production, the collapse of the economy as a Relations with the former union republics have objec- whole, and catastrophic inflation together with a failure tively come to the forefront. Economic, military- to solve problems within the CIS framework have strategic, and, finally, simply human aspects (including sharply reduced Russia’s foreign policy valence in the social, cultural, and other aspects) dictate the need to international arena. Without a consonant foreign policy resolve without delay the problems which have accumu- reaction to the challenges of the times (including those lated in them. which Russia itself has thrown down) a national catas- trophe is unavoidable. The defense of the rights of ethnic Russians (the term “Russian-speaking nopulation” is highly dubious and, The arrival of a new quality of international relations moreover, harmful and dangerous) resident outside imposes the need to take a new look at other countries, Russia requires an extremely considered attitude. On the above all those in West Europe. This is already partially one hand, without going anywhere, overnight they found being done, starting from the NATO Council’s Rome themselves abroad. Of course their political, civil, eco- session. nomic, social, and cultural rights must be observed, at least at the level of the norms of universal standards, It is known that expert diplomacy is capable of working since the latter provide precisely the minimum level that wonders. The alchemy of the word can be a powerful civilized states (or states which consider themselves factor of both creative and destructive force. Both Rus- civilized) are obliged to observe. On the other hand, it is sian and foreign history abounds in examples where not all that simple. Because the defense of human rights skillful diplomacy has not just improved the position of can only be effective on two indispensable conditions. states but has even saved them. Of course, with clear and The first of these is that the problem is to some degree distinct guidelines which accord with genuine national depoliticized and that there are no double standards. In interests. other words, there must be no difference of approach to In the present situation in Russia all its foreign policy ethnic Russians in Ukraine, Tajikistan, or the Baltic and diplomacy must undoubtedly be aimed, above all, at region, for example. In just the same way as if Russian resolving internal problems. But how is ensuring human politicians and diplomats show concern for “Russian rights and the population’s social protection to be made speakers” in other post-Soviet republics, they are obliged the unconditional priority without a tough and impartial to show concern for “foreign speakers” in Russia. The record of the true state of affairs in the country? second condition is that there should be painstaking, permanent dialogue with the corresponding govern- There can be no doubt that we will, at best, mark time ments for a joint search for a solution to the problem. unless we acknowledge that the country is in a calamitous Statements and declamations of various kinds are not state. Of course, this runs counter to great-power only no substitute for this but frequently have the This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying atid dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FuIS-SOV-94-229 18 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 29 November 1994 opposite effect. It is sad that the defense of ethnic engages in peacemaking operations without having suf- Russians has become small change in the political ficient weight and authority in the eyes not only of the struggle in Russia. warring sides but also of the rest of the world can easily lose face, to put it mildly. : One more point. In recent years an intensive rebirth of the national consciousness of the peoples inhabiting the Of cuurse, genuine peacemaking is inseparable from territory of the former USSR has been taking place, at strict ueutrality in regard to the conflicting sides. times overflowing. But let us not disregard the fact that But it would be an oversimplification to interpret peace- Russia (then still “socialist”) played far from the least making exclusively as an operation to keep the peace and role in this process. People complained about literally separate warring sides, act as intermediary in negotia- everything: they did not have their own academy of tions between them, and so forth. The concept is signif- sciences or even their own communist party! At the same icantly broader than that. It includes ensuring the secu- time they maintained that they had given up everything rity of one’s own borders, disarmament, and preemptive to the union republics. Nobody counted up how much measures to avert tension of any kind—interstate, intere- was taken from them. In just the same way as those thnic, interregional... republics did not count up how much they took from Russia and believed themselves aggrieved. All this Peacemaking is impossible without reiiable national formed a dangerously explosive mixture after the security and sufficient political and military potential. In breakup of the USSR. other words, without strong armed forces capable of deterring any threat to Russia's national interests. “Proletarian internationalism,” which, as we know, was one of the pillars of communist ideology, exacerbated the The task of peacemaking, objectively speaking, is also the “big task” facing West Europe. It is hardly necessary situation after the Union’s breakup. The point is that, in to dwell on this point in detail: Suffice it to recall the addition to natural population movements within a justification for the nuclear deterrent advanced by the single country caused by mixed marriages, labor migra- NATO states and France. But whereas in the Cold War tion, and other natural, everyday causes, a planned years the issue centered on deterring communist totali- policy was being implemented with the aim of “creating tarianism, the situation has changed since the conflict in a new historical community—the Soviet people.” Its Yugoslavia. It has changed primarily because the West essence was simple—to efface national differences by has encountered new dangers emanating from the East: Russifying other nationalities, propagating the Russian instability, aggressive ethnic nationalism, the expansion language, ousting national languages, and sending more of the post-Soviet mafia, the growing risk of man-made Russians to where there seemed not to be enough of and natural disasters with continental and, possibly, them. At the same time this was stage-managed not only global consequences. This far from complete list shows from Moscow but also by the party leadership of the the need to take an approach to peacemaking that is union republics themselves. closely and organically interconnected with a new world order. So far there has not been a sensible answer to the question of where the Russian border actually runs. We The state that Russia finds itself in dictates the need for are not going to ponder the point of our troops’ presence a certain self-restraint. However, that certainly does not in other newly independent states or the justification for mean that the country should reject the role of a world their participation in the Tajik-Afghan clashes. But the power. It has all the potential necessary for that so long fact that Russians are protecting Tajikistan’s state as, of course, a balanced and realistic foreign policy is border does not negate but rather reinforces the need for pursued. a normal border with Tajikistan and with other former union republics. The alternative to that is reintegration I believe that, given the present state of affairs in Russia, and the creation of a confederation on CIS territory. The the CIS, Europe, and the world, the external border of advantages—political, economic, and human—of such a the CIS should be regarded by us as a forward-based line solution are obvious. of defense. Such an approach would make it possible to avoid confusing Russia’s national interests with the Russian policy’s main task in the years ahead is clear: It interests of the other CIS countries without scrapping the is to ensure internal and external stability. In view of the pre-existing defense infrastructure. conflicts and instability in the “near abroad,” this is a Russia is currently in a situation where a very great deal very difficult task. Furthermore, it is insoluble without a in the world depends on how it handles its potential. In Russian peacemaking mission. Above all, peacemaking the military sphere we are talking about nuclear forces presumes that the state undertaking it has sufficient capable of attacking any part of the globe and about reserves of stability and endurance to do so. Not just powerful conventional armaments. externally but internally. Activeness in the de-escalation and prevention of foreign conflicts in conditions of As regards nuclear weapons, the picture is clear: Their political instability in one’s own country could have truly basic and sole function is deterrence. The situation is dire consequences for everyone. But a country that different when it comes to the other components of our This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 19 military might. I believe that the time has come to rights sphere must be made more specific, with the focus reshape our potential and create a rapid reaction force. shifting from holding all kinds of seminars and confer- But not in the traditional military sense, except for ences to solving real problems in practice. peacemaking operations, but for humanitarian actions, We must be honest and say that Russia has fewer foreign for emergency rescue operations in our country, in “the policy opportunities than the USSR had. It is simply near abroad,” and in all other parts of the world. absurd to say that Russia is a great power following the breakup of the USSR. Now there are more problems. If The role of the European component, once it has been we are going to act in the traditional way, we will just get properly launched, of Russia’s foreign policy must grow. bogged down in them and stop bothering. But why not Let us remember the very recent history of our country’s look at how other countries have switched to a new (then the USSR) relations with France, the FRG, Britain, status? Spain, Italy, and other West European states. Let us remember their role in creating the supporting structures Omnidirectional defense is a strategy that corresponds to of pan-European cooperation, in finding a balance of modern realities, when it is clear that NATO, for interests between our country and, for example, the example, does not intend to attack us, but it is not clear United States. And let us ponder the question whether where and when a real military threat might emerge. Russian foreign policy’s current emphasis on developing There is another equally attractive model for safe- relations principally with the United States is justified, guarding security—neutrality. The logical question is: If whether attaching secondary importance to partnership nuclear missile delivery vehicles cannot, as is well with West Europe is justified. Particularly in conditions known, be directed at the skies (Oh, Russian foreign where Russia has declared its intention to join the policy demagoguery—there was a time when it tried to Council of Europe. do this!), then is not omnidirectional defense a great nuclear power’s neutrality? The answer to this should Immediate measures must be adopted to prevent a certainly be in the affirmative. humanitarian disaster such as might be caused by a flood In current conditions Russian foreign policy is literally of migrants, above all refugees and displaced persons. doomed—if, of course, it wants to maintain its identity and its place in the world—to assume that the “first The chief task of our foreign policy is to help eliminate a circle” of its national interests lies in the near abroad, situation whereby a country is unsuitable for human where it must pursue a policy of peacemaking and habitation. Everything must be geared to this—from the neutrality geared primarily to stabilizing the country’s quantity and quality of armaments to the degree of internal and foreign policy position. This cannot be cooperation with foreign states. achieved without stabilization in the other newly inde- Human rights and the importation of democracy will be pendent states. Second place will go to Europe—the EU, a very important element of foreign policy doctrine. The NATO, the CSCE. And, finally, third place will go to unconditional observance of all international human relations with the United States. rights commitments in practice rather than in words is of Both Russia and West Europe badly need to create what vital importance. More active use should be made of you might call comprehensive security. It must be genu- international experience in solving social problems, and inely all-embracing and cover all possible sources of we must attain a new level of collaboration with inter- violence and instability—from the fight against crime national organizations dealing with social issues. and the solution of the problem of potential Chernobyls to political, economic, ecological, and military security. All available international means of resolving difficult A great deal, a very great deal now depends as far as conflict situations and safeguarding minorities’ rights Russia, the former union republics and Europe are must be employed. More active involvement of author- concerned on what kind of foreign policy is conducted by itative independent specialists and international human- the Kremlin and Smolensk Square. itarian organizations as experts, mediators, and observers to provide political methods of settling dis- But the West bears a significant part of the responsi- putes present fine opportunities for this. bility. It is obviously not enough to say that confronta- tion has been replaced by partnership, even though this Special significance now attaches to collaboration with may flatter the vanity of Western politicians and diplo- the republics of the former Union in this sphere. mats. Throughout the former union it is necessary to form a unified system for the protection of the individual. National Affairs Active use can be made of existing UN and CSCE Presidential Department Plans ‘Sweeping procedures in this sphere. Inspection’ We have exported revolution in the past. Now we need LD2811200194 Moscow INTERFAX in English 1627 to import democracy. The creation of its infrastructure GMT 28 Nov 94 and the formation of a civil society are a very important [From the “Presidential Bulletin” feature: Compiled by foreign policy function. There is a wide range of possi- Nikolay Zherebtsov, Andrey Petrovskiy; Edited by bilities here. But international cooperation in the human Vladimir Shishlin] This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 20 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 29 November 1994 [FBIS Transcribed Text] President Yeltsin’s supervisory But there was no unity of view. Differences arose, for department has drawn up a plan for sweeping inspection instance, over the question of who would attend joint- of four federal ministries in the first half of 1995. These stock company board meetings on the state’s behalf. The include the inspection of the ministry for external eco- State Committee for the Management of State Property’s nomic relations in February-March, construction min- experience shows that civil servants—officials—cannot istry in March-April, finance ministry in April-May and cope with this: Continuous work entirely divorced from state property committee in May-June. state service is needed. L. Bochin, chairman of the Russian Federation State Committee for Antimonopoly The inspection wi!l mainly relate to the implementation Policy, agrees with this. Consequently, we need to dele- of the president’s social and economic policies, methods gate powers not to officials but to competent specialists of work with republics and regions, the use of budget drawn from commercial structures. resources and ministries’ economic activity including commercialization, well-informed sources told Interfax. One other thing is unclear—can the same person repre- The problem of ministry staff and staff salaries is also to sent the state at several joint-stock companies simulta- be examined. neously? Justice Minister Yu. Kalmykov believes not. A. Chubays believes that it is possible—otherwise, where The measure is intended to give an appraisal of how will we find representatives for the 2,300 joint-stock optimal the existing structure of central government is companies where there is already a federal shareholding? and whether or not some of the departments duplicate the functions of other departments and to what extent The third “stumbling block” relates to which state offi- the numerical strength of their staff is justified. cials should be members of these structures. The State Committee for the Management of State Property and The findings are expected to help towards decision the Russian Property Fund are upholding the priority of making on the reduction of government staff by one their own departments—with A. Chubays’ support. But third as envisaged by the task set by the Russian presi- the Ministry of Fuel and Energy, the Ministry of Trans- dent and prime minister. The newly-established special port, the Ministry of Railways, and the Ministry of commission led by First Vice-Premier Oleg Soskovets is Architecture, Construction, Housing, and Municipal to make concrete proposals on the issue. Services are insisting that officials from sectoral minis- Experts of the government, the finance ministry’s super- tries have seats on the board, and are complaining about visory department and if necessary, law enforcement the dominance of the State Committee for the Manage- bodies will also be involved in the inspection. IF ment of State Property and the difficult conciliation [Interfax] Note: A proposal to tighten presidential con- procedures. trol of the ministries and departments came during L. Bezlepkina, Russian minister of social protection for Yeltsin’s meeting with regional leaders on July 14. The the population, put forward the idea of adopting a law measure is explained by the need to raise management “On Social Services for the Population in Russia.” efficiency and fight against bureaucracy. The compilers Submitting the draft law at the government session, the of the plan believe that a lack of initiative or inaction in minister reported that the document envisages, in par- finding ways to implement presidential decrees are dis- ticular, the creation of a unified system of social services. crediting the institution of presidency itself. Moreover, “the draft law guarantees the right of all citizens to social welfare and defines the basis for free Government Session Considers Draft Laws services and the procedure for establishing payment for MM2911101394 Moscow ROSSIYSKAYA GAZETA in services.” Russian 26 Nov 94 First Edition p 1 On the basis of the discussion the government on the whole approved the draft law and, after partial finaliza- [Report by Vladimir Kucherenko: “At the Russian Fed- tion, it will be sent to the State Duma. eration Government: Will Control Be Restored?’’] The session also examined the draft law “On Amend- [FBIS Translated Text] Even though the treasury holds ments and Additions to the Law ‘On Social Protection sizeable blocks of shares in many privatized enterprises for Citizens Exposed to Radiation As A Result of the today, this is not saving us from defaulting, the fleecing Chernobyl AES Disaster’”, which removes social contra- of joint-stock companies by unscrupulous managers, or dictions on questions of compensation payments and the winding up of many “unprofitable” subunits which concessions to certain categories of citizens. ensure production safety. Compared to the existing law the proposed draft envis- P. Mostovoy, deputy chairman of the Russian Federa- ages a number of fundamentally new provisions. In tion State Committee for the Management of State particular, it is planned to finance spending not only out Property, has submitted draft government decrees on the of the federal budget. representation of the state’s interests in joint-stock com- panies, the procedure for appointing treasury “dele- The government approved the draft law on the whole gates” to these structures, and a model agreement for the and decided to submit it to the State Duma once it had fulfillment of these functions. been finalized. This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dis“emination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 21 Filatov Fears Earl, Elections Possible A 6 Million CIS Migrants Expected by Year LD2811173894 Moscow ITAR-TASS in English 1723 GMT 28 Nov 94 LD2811214594 Moscow ITAR-TASS World Service in Russian 1332 GMT 28 Nov 94 [By ITAR-TASS correspondent Tamara Zamyatina] [By ITAR-TASS correspondent Liliya Kuznetsova] [FBIS Transcribed Text] Moscow November 28 TASS— “The year 1995 is dangerous because we may slide to [FBIS Translated Text] Moscow, 28 Nov—According to early elections,” Sergey Filatov, head of the Russian the estimates of the Federal Migration Service (FMS), by president’s administration, said. the year 2000 from 2 to 6 million people are to move to Russia from countries of near abroad, Tatyana Regent, In an interview with ITAR-TASS, Filatov said that “the head of the Service, told ITAR-TASS today. opposition will be against the adoption of the 1995 budget by the State Duma in order to provoke a disband- According to her, the 4 million “margin” can be ment of the government or the lower house of parliament explained by the fact that for the time being it is difficult and initiative early elections of the State Duma and the to forecast future inter-ethnic relations within the repub- president.” “If we allow ourselves to be led by the lics of the former USSR and the way they are going to opposition, we will ruin economic reform,” he warned. affect the outflow of Russians toward Russia. If inter- ethnic problems are solved in a civilized way, the fore- He recalled that Yegor Gaydar, chairman of the Demo- cast number of migrants will reach 2 to 3 million, but if cratic Choice of Russia Party, was the first to have they aggravate, then 4 to 6 million. About 400,000 mentioned the threat of early elections in Russia. “Yegor migraats will come to Russia from Trans-Caucasus, next Gaydar defined the threat facing our society at a plenary to 3 million from Central Asia and Kazakhstan, and meeting of his party and called on the democratic forces 400-500,000 from the Baltic countries. not to make a mistake.” At present, the FMS head added, there are over 600,000 To overcome destabilization connected with the risk of refugees, more than | million forced resettlers, and about early elections, Filatov believes it necessary “to pass the 500,000 economic migrants in our country. In 1994, for 1995 budget in December on the basis of conciliatory every 100 people leaving Russia there were 250 people procedures and minor compromises.” coming to our country. She noted that Russians “The absence of an approved budget causes lax disci- accounted for 80 percent of them. pline and slovenliness. Only a tough budget can help make 1995 and subsequent years a period of economic MVD, FCS, Other Bodies Confer on Fighting growth,” Filatov said. Crime MM2911094594 Moscow KRASNAYA ZVEZDA in The presidential chief of staff also pointed out that, as Russian 26 Nov 94 p 1 President Boris Yeltsin said in his November 5 address to the State Duma, under the Constitution, the failure to [Report by Yuriy Potapov: “Decision To Combai Crime pass the budget is not an ample enough ground to Scientifically”’] dissolve the government. [FBIS Translated Text] An international scientific and FCS Director Stepashin Sues Zhirinovskiy practical conference entitled “Personal Safety and Crime” has completed its three-day work at the Russian LD2811134694 Moscow ITAR-TASS in English 1210 MVD [Ministry of Internal Affairs] Law Institute. GMT 28 Nov 94 Leaders of a number of State Duma committees and MVD, FCS [Federal Counterintelligence Service], and [By ITAR-TASS correspondent] Federal Government Communications and Information [FBIS Transcribed Text] Moscow November 28 TASS— Agency personnel delivered reports. Sergey Stepashin, director of the Russian Federal Coun- Academician Major General S. Zybin, leader of the terintelligence Service, on Monday brought in a lawsuit conference’s organizing committee and chief of the Law in Moscow’s Sokolnikiy district court against leader of Institute, pointed out that scientific methods and new the LDPR [Liberal Democratic Party of Russia] Vladimir Zhirinovskiy. Stepashin turned to court for the technologies will be recommended for introduction into the sphere of ensuring personal safety and fighting crime. reason that Zhirinovskiy accused him of “cooperating with Israeli secret services”. Zhirinovskiy said this in the State Duma on November 18. Lawmen Speak on Kholodov, WGF Case Investigations The lawsuit instituted by Stepashin is of personal char- MM72811134994 Moscow KRASNAYA ZVEZDA in acter and had been prompted by “unjustifiable insulting Russian 25 Nov 94 p 1 sallies” by Zhirinovskiy, said Vladimir Tomarovskiy, deputy chief of the public relations centre of the Federal [Report by Anatoliy Dokuchayev: “There Is No Case Counterintelligence Service. Against the Western Group of Forces. Russian Deputy ie report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 22 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 29 November 1994 General Prosecutor Oleg Gaydanov Made That State- [FBIS Transcribed Text] Moscow November 28 TASS— ment at a Recent Meeting of the Club of Mass Media Russian President Boris Yeltsin proposed to deputies of Chief Editors”} the State Duma to bring the Duma's resolution of October 14, 1994 “‘on regional state television and radio [FBIS Translated Text] First Deputy Interior Minister broadcasting” in conformity with the Russian Constitu- Mikhail Yegorov and FCS [Federal Counterintelligence tion. Service] Deputy Director Nikolay Kovalev also took part in the meeting which was devoted to analyzing matters The president stated this in a message to Ivan Rybkin, linked to attempts and encroachments on journalists’ chairman of the State Duma, the text of which was lives. received by ITAR-TASS from the president’s press ser- vice today. Leaders of law enforcement organs and the FCS said that The head of state notes that this resolution violates some all the cases are being specially monitored by the General Prosecutor’s Office and the MVD [Ministry of Internal provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation Affairs]. At the same time it was announced that most of and proposed to the Duma to bring it into line with the Fundamental Law of Russia. the tragic events were caused by “mundane reasons” and only one-fifth were linked directly with journalists’ pol- Specifically, the message says “Part Two of Article 103 itics or professional activity. Mikhail Yegorov asked the of the Russian Constitution envisages that the State chief editors to turn to the MVD for help in cases where Duma has the right to adopt resolutions only on issues journalists are in danger; there are special ministry which fall within its jurisdiction under the Constitution subunits to handle this. of the Russian Federation”. Journalists were informed that the first suspects in the Besides, the president believes that this resolution was case of Dmitriy Kholodov, the MOSKOVSKIY adopted in violation of the requirements of Part 2 of KOMSOMOLETS journalist who died as a result of an Article 90 of the Russian Constitution which says that explosion at the editorial office 17 October, have decrees and orders by the president of the Russian emerged. One has been arrested. According to Oleg Federation are obligatory for execution on all the terri- Gaydanov, analysis of the material that the General tory of the Russian Federation. Prosecutor’s Office has gathered together gives reason to believe that his death was most likely linked with his On December 22, 1993 the president issued decree 2255 professional activity. A group of specialists from law “on the improvement of state control in the sphere of enforcement organs and the FCS is working around- news media” which abolished the Ministry of Press and Information of the Russian Federation (the Department the-clock; it comprises 15 investigators with experience of clearing up premeditated murders. To date 250 people on Television and Radio Broadcasting is a structure have veen interrogated as witnesses and 10 forensic under this ministry) and charged the Russian Federal examinations carried out. It has been established that the Service on Television and Radio Broadcasting to finance regional state TV and radio companies. “deadly attache case” contained a booby trap. The course of events preceding the journalist’s tragic death In his message Boris Yeltsin stresses that “as a matter of has been established. In particular Dmitriy Kholodov’s fact the State Duma proposed to the Russian Govern- 4-5 October trip to Chechnya has been examined along ment to violate the decree of the president of the Russian with his assignment to Ryazan Oblast. Federation thus also violating the Constitution of the Russian Federation”. Representatives of law enforcement organs answered journalists’ questions. In particular, the following ques- tion was asked: “What is the status of the case of Law on Media Support Protested by Yeltsin, corruption in the Western Group of Forces [WGF]?” Others Oleg Gaydanov replied that there has been and there is MM2811123894 Moscow ROSSIYSKIYE VESTI in no case against the WGF. Cases involving offenses by Russian 25 Nov 94 p 1 individual military department officials, including mem- bers of the WGF, are now being investigated. [Statement by President Yeltsin, dated 24 November; undated statement by the Russian Federation Com- mittee for the Press; and commentary by Media Issues ROSSIYSKIYE VESTI, under the general heading “The Press and Power’’] Yeltsin Sends Message To State Duma on [FBIS Translated Text] Broadcasting LD2811191394 Moscow ITAR-TASS in English 1721 Statement by the Russian President GMT 28 Nov 94 Despite the forthright protests of the democratic public and prominent figures from the worlds of science and [By ITAR-TASS] culture and despite the stand taken by the democratic This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 23 and independent press, the State Duma has given a third The Russian Federation State Duma has given a third reading to the Law on State Support for the Mass Media. reading to the Law “On State Support for the Mass This law presents a grave danger to the independence of Media and Publishing in the Russian Federation.” In the the press, radio, and television. It contains a threat to the months that the law has spent traveling along the corri- most important gain of Russian democracy—freedom of dors of the Duma, grave misgivings have been constantly speech. It marks a return to a monopoly of opinions and voiced in the press, on television, and at meetings of is a covert form of introducing political censorship. prominent journalists as to whether this law will work out badly for the press. Several days before this the I regret that this law originated in the State Duma which Duma also unthinkingly rubber-stamped the thoroughly is trying to crudely foist it on the public. antidemocratic law on information, which was given its As guarantor of the Constitution and the democratic third reading. Many questions remain over the law on rights of Russian citizens, I declare that I cannot allow tue television and radio service. All these draft laws encroachments on freedom of speech and of the press. I originated at the Duma Committee for Information shall take the necessary measures to protect Russian Policy and Communications. The committee is isolating democracy from the threat. itself from critical journalists without considering it necessary even to refute their arguments, prompting the [signed] B. Yeltsin. conclusion that it simply has no convincing answer. 24 November 1994, Newspaper Chiefs Suspicious of New Media Law Statement by the Russian Federation Committee for the LD2811221294 Moscow Ostankino Television First Channel Network in Russian 1800 GMT 28 Nov 94 On 22 November the State Duma gave a third reading to [Report over video by correspondent Ivan Pankov; from the federal Law “‘On State Support for the Mass Media the “Novosti” newscast] and Publishing in the Russian Federation.” [FBIS Translated Text] The law on state support for the Despite the serious criticisms from leading specialists in mass media adopted by the State Duma does not seem to the Russian publishing and printing industry and the enjoy the full support of journalists. This has been journalist collectives of national and regional newspa- confirmed once more by a debate at the club of editors in pers and contrary to the reasoned objections twice pre- chief at the Moscow House of Journalists. sented to the State Duma by the Russian Federation [Pankov] [Video shows meeting, Poltoranin panelling] Government, a third reading has been given to a law The policy of financial subsidies for newspapers from the which is not professionally motivated but is purely country’s budget has become obsolete and the press ideological. The purpose of this law is obvious: disre- should not be counting on it in the future, Mikhail garding professional interests and the laws of the Poltoranin said at the club meeting. He is in charge of the economy, narrow corporate political circles want to Information Policy Commission at the House of Jour- achieve monopoly control of Russia’s entire information nalists. Though, to be fair, it has to be said that in the area. past by no means all of the newspapers could bank on The mechanism whereby the press is given substantial these subsidies. As far as the press is concerned, the way benefits, a mechanism devised, incidentally, by the gov- out of poverty for them now is a law on state support for ernment together with the country’s Union of Journal- the mass media that contains many benefits. Naturally, ists, is no more than a disguise for an obvious fact: This without objecting to them, editors in chief stil: cautiously is an attempt to establish tight control over publications regarded the articles of the law that envisages the cre- using the so-called national fund for the development of ation of a national foundation for development of the the mass media. mass media and a watchdog council. It seemed that Mikhail Poltoranin failed to convince the editors in chief Without a shadow of doubt this could deal a tangible that they will benefit from these law articles. The news- blow to the country’s printing industry because the paper chiefs questions implied the suspicions that the concentration of the power of the politicians over the creation of such bodies was just another cunning way of professionals in the present economic period will do controlling the press, or that the foundation may become nothing but tend to disorganize the sector’s management such a control body under certain circumstances. and disrupt the programs for its modernization. The Russian Federation Committee for the Press deems Economic Issues it necessary to convey to the president, the government, Federal Assembly deputies, and the Russian public the Fereign Policy Line Linked to Large Foreign Debt deep concern of printers, publishers, and journalists at MM2811132794 Moscow KOMSOMOLSKAYA the adverse consequences that this law will entail if it is PRAVDA in Russian 24-27 Nov 94 p 2 implemented. [Report by Yelena Ovcharenko under “Diplomatic Cou- ROSSIYSKIYE VESTI Commentary [subhead] rier” rubric: ““Paupers Go to Paris’’] This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 24 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 29 November 1994 [FBIS Translated Text] “Up to the eyes in debt.” This is Today Russian exporters have to exchange for rubles the first thing that came to mind after the size of the half of what they receive in hard currency. Russian Federation state debt was disclosed at parlia- mentary hearings in the Duma. It turns out that it totaled Melikian Supports Forming Commission on 1995 $112.7 billion as of 1 January 1994 and it will have Budget grown to $130.4 billion by the end of next year. The figures become even more threatening against the back- LD2811185494 Moscow INTERFAX in English 1609 ground of the endless foreign jaunts of our “leaders.” GMT 28 Nov 94 The premier’s to the Persian Gulf countries, the Feder- ation Council speaker’s to Spain and Portugal, the For- [FBIS Transcribed Text] The Russian Labor Minister eign Ministry chief is spending a week in Paris.... There Gennadiy Melikian fully supports the formation of a are reports irom everywhere saying: Everybody is going conciliatory commission which should continue work on to help, we are not going cap in hand. Vice Premier Oleg the draft of the 1995 federal budget. In his opinion this Davydov announced the “major success” of the talks is an optimum solution because it is almost unrealistic to with Saudi Arabia—deferment of the payment of the 100 hope for the conventional adoption of the budget million [currency unspecified] debt—and the possibility because of its toughness. of Russian weapons deliveries to that country. But he In a Monday interview with Interfax Melikian admitted had not even arrived back in Moscow when the Saudis that the budget is strategically good and well-planned. denied all this. Another thing. NATO is again “flexing its He said the opinion is not shred by those guided by muscles,” as we used to say in the Soviet period. But how populist ideas and bear no responsibility for the imple- else can we describe this military operation whereby an mentation of the budget. aerial armada carried out a very powerful strike against an insignificant airfield in Serb Krajina? Few people are Still the minister said several matters are not very convinced by the feeble “cries” from Smolensk Square thoroughly worked out. In his opinion the selling of state {location of Russian Federation Foreign Ministryj that bonds is an absolutely unrealistic way of solving the this is not the best method. Russia is behaving in deficit problem. It would mean leaving the economy exemplary fashion in the UN Security Council. Why? without investment resources and undermining the Because we are “up to our eyes in debt....” beginning of economic recovery, he said. Minister Denies Reports of Mandatory Sale of Melikian described the intentions of the Duma to raise Hard Currency minimal wages from 20,500 to 54,100 rubles as a purely populist decision, an indication of the beginning of the LD2811220094 Moscow INTERFAX in English 1941 election campaign of several groups. GMT 28 Nov 94 “It is necessary to raise minimal wages, but neither the [FBIS Transcribed Text] A Russian deputy prime min- federal, nor local budgets would be able to cope with ister said Russian exporters would not be made to sell all such a rise,” the minister stressed. of their hard currency incomes before the country’s economy is stabilized. Controlled Prices Said Often Higher Than Free Oleg Davydov, who is also minister of foreign economic Prices relations, denying a newspaper report, told Interfax in an exclusive interview that he had said neither during his LD2811220294 Moscow INTERFAX in English 1941 recent visits to Middle East Gulf countries nor before GMT 28 Nov 94 that that the government planned to make 100-percent sale by exporters of their hard currency revenue manda- [FBIS Transcribed Text] The prices controlled by the tory. local authorities are often higher than free [prices] and grow quicker, First Deputy Russian Economics Minister Although such practice exists in countries like Poland or Yakov Urinsson told Interfax. Hungary and the Ministry of Foreign Economic Rela- tions is studying it, “it is not preparing any proposals to According to the studies carried out by Economics that effect for the government,” Davydov said, com- Ministry’s experts, in Samara, Novgorod and other menting on a story in Saturday’s issue of Moscow’s cities, where prices are not controlled by the local KOMMERSANT DAILY. The system “would be a authorities, they have increased 1.8 times since the possibility if the budget deficit could be narrowed down beginning of the year, while the regulated prices in and inflation considerably reduced, but the matter won’t Volgograd have grown 2.2 times. The free price for be raised either today or in the immediate future,” he vegetable oil in Samara increased 1.4 times, while in said. Ulyanovsk the regulated price grew 1.9 times. “It is our aim to make our foreign economic policy According to the Economics Ministry experts, the level predictable, so we aren’t going to present anyone with of free prices in most regions of Russia is lower than that any surprises,” he said. of the regulated ones. In Krasnodar, where prices are This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 25 regulated, one kilo of meat costs 3290 rubles and in the Economy stance came as a complete surprise to me. Rostov, where prices are liberated, its price is 2940 Its representatives said that this was an interesting report rubles. and would help us to get reform moving.... Only, in what direction should we get it moving? Coal Miners’ Leader Questions IMF Counsel In short, voices can now be heard within the government MM2811151794 Moscow RABOCHAYA TRIBUNA in regarding the need to accept the directives outlined in Russian 25 Nov 94 p 4 Washington. [Bolshanin] What guides the Ministry of the Economy? [Interview with Gennadiy Mikhaylets, chairman of the Council of Kuzbass Territorial Committees of Coal [Mikhaylets] It is hard to tell. But it is not the interests of Industry Workers, by Aleksey Bolshanin in Kemerovo; the state. date not given: “This Report Is Not in the Least a Treasure”} Needless to say, the report does contain interesting ideas, and we are bound to associate and work with the World [FBIS Translated Text] Kemerovo—Gennadiy Mikhay- Bank; but it is just dangerous to eagerly accept every- lets, chairman of the Council of Kuzbass Territorial thing that it proposes: The West’s own interest in Russia Committees of Coal Industry Workers, visited Wash- is too great. ington as a member of a delegation to discuss a report by the World Bank which states that it is concerned to Official Says Duma Needs To Adopt Land Code extricate Russia’s coal industry from crisis. Here are his impressions. LD2811213494 Moscow INTERFAX in English 2019 GMT 28 Nov 94 [Mikhaylets] Let me say right away that the proposals made in the report simply shocked me. For instance, it [FBIS Transcribed Text] Russia has carried out the first set the task of reducing Russia’s annual extraction to 160 stage of a land reform in which the population obtained million tonnes. It says that 287 million tonnes were a direct access of land and 95 percent of collective and extracted in 1993 and that industry took the coal but state farms were reformed. As a result, most of arable only paid for 160 million tonnes—so that is the figure land became a private, joint or joint shared property used as a guide. That is, it suggests cutting extraction by belonging to citizens, Nikolay Komov, chairman of ihe the 127 million tonnes which, the report’s authors Russian Land Resource and Land Use Committee, believe, Russia simply does not need. Roskomzem, told INTERFAX Monday [28 November]. Moreover, if you scrutinize the plans, they recommend He said that in three years of the reform 286,000 farmer cutting extraction in the more promising fields. Thus the households had been set up ploughing nearly 12 million Kuzbass 1993 level of 101 million tonnes is supposed to hectares and nearly 44.3 million families obtained land be reduced to 43 million tonnes. In other words, the areas for housing construction or garden plots (7.9 number of people employed in the Kuzbass coal industry million hectares with a total area of arable land equal to should be cut by 213,000. Over half! It is easy to imagine 210 million hectares). Nearly 15 million former collec- what would happen if that army of miners were put onto tive farm members and state farm workers obtained two the street. to 15 hectare land plots. The report does not take climatic conditions into con- Komov did not believe, however, that administrative sideration. It is at the very least absurd to compare orders could carry the reform any further. He said that Russia with the United States and its subtropical areas. the State Duma had to adopt a Land Code as soon as possible, following which land leases, prevalent in the [Bolshanin] What dictated these approaches to the Rus- West, would be widespread in Russia. sian coal industry on the bank’s part? {Mikhaylets] In the last three or four years the United Ministry Presents Controversial Farm Policy States has lost its foreign coal market, that is obvious. MM2811121794 Moscow IZVESTIYA in Russian 23 The reason is simple: Very cheap coal from Colombia, Nov 94 p 4 Australia, and Africa has taken over.... America would not like to have Russia as a competitor too.... [Part two of three-part IZVESTIYA Analysis Center article “Trillions for the Countryside: Where Did They Moreover, we do not know how to trade. Widespread Go? Who Did They Go To? What Did They Go On?”: barter trade benefits the West alone. “2. Allocating a Little to Each Will Finish Off Every- [Bolshanin] Representatives of the authorities went with one”; for part one of series, see pages 28-31 of 28 you to Washington. How did they view the proposed November Central Eurasia DAILY REPORT] measures? [FBIS Translated Text] The time has come to share out [Mikhaylets] Whereas ““Rosugol” tried to uphold its own the budget cake. But the present budget was approved concept, albeit one that needs polishing, the Ministry of only recently—in summer. At that time everyone was This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 26 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 29 November 1994 animatedly discussing the victory of the agrarian lobby, He tendered his resignation back at the beginning of the which had grabbed an unprecedentedly large share, a fact year because he felt that he had been undermined as a which yielded the Agrarian Party considerable political scientist and that it was senseless to serve as an official dividends and demonstrated its growing influence. But under the state’s present agrarian policy. He was per- how did this benefit the countryside, society, and the suaded to stay first until the sowing campaign was consumer of agricultural produce? This is a topical complete, then until the harvesting was complete. At last question, especially when viewed against the background the time came. of the current disputes over next year’s draft budget. Pitying the Cat, They Cut Off His Tail Only a Piece at It Isn’t All That Easy To Distinguish Defeat From a Victory But those who are campaigning fiercely for an increased No one doubted the fact that the agrarians were the share of the budget cake seem to care little for the present winners when the budget was approved in summer. But state of the countryside and its actual financing. It is very there are great differences of opinion on the actual form easy to win the sympathy of the peasants and the that this victory took. Strange as it may seem, even when consumers of agricultural produce by trying to get more there is an officially approved budget you can still hear funds for the countryside. It seems to be for the benefit of people quoting different figures about the funds allo- the people. Although if you consider things sensibly, cated to the countryside: FROM 8 TRILLION RUBLES what is the point in fighting for a share-out of money that TO 18 TRILLION RUBLES. doesn’t exist? Money which the peasants will not be able There are reasons for the differences of opinion. The to use and which by no means every farmer who knows system of budget funding for our agriculture is too how to feed us really needs. elaborate. It is implemented through various channels which become intertwined on their way to various des- Let us look at how the money allocated to agriculture this tinations. It is even debatable what should actually be year was spent. We are not even going to begin by counted as fizancing for the countryside. returning to the land, to those places that are full of surprises, to look for the “black holes” where the money Part of the resources are allocated on a returnable basis, disappears; instead we are going to concentrate on the part on a nonreturnable basis. Part is distributed via the official funds allegedly allocated to develop the country- Ministry of Agriculture, part via other departments. side and keep us fed. There are different ways of totting up the financial support for agriculture and the agro-industrial complex. According to the assertion and the calculations of the specialists from Gaydar’s Institute for Problems of the Let us recall here that after the budget was approved, Transitional Period, the result of the intensified agrarian many politicians and the mass media were reduced to lobbying this year has been that the agrarian sector’s indignation because 8 trillion rubles [R] had been allo- share of the planned budget spending on the national cated to agriculture. In actual fact, total budget appropri- economy in 1994 has risen from 22 percent to 27 percent. ations—that is, planned allocations frem the federal For comparison’s sake the share of spending on industry budget for enterprises and organizations in the agro- has fallen from 24 percent to 17 percent. industrial complex—amounted to R18,125,600,000,000. The proportion and absolute value of the state’s support Thus the agrarian lobby’s victory was even greater than for agricultural producers have risen sharply—they had been declared. But that was only a victory in terms include state investments in the agro-industrial complex of the amount requested. Now that the new budget and all types of subsidies and compensation payments. share-out is being discussed, few people remember how What has the money been spent on? realistic the previous claims and “victories” were. Incidentally, the recent resignation of Agriculture Min- First the figures. There have been many debates and ister Viktor Khlystun is closely bound up with that differing interpretations over the figures. The various illusion. As agriculture minister he couldn’t “lobby” for reports and summaries from the different departments funds for the countryside because lie realized that, while and analytical and statistical services offer different it is right and proper to try to obtain money when some versions. We have carried out our own analysis based on exists, it is political brinkmanship to promise money the raw data of the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry when there is none. of Finance, the Russian State committee for Statistics, and a number of analytical institutes and services. This is We in our newspaper called the agrarian minister’s the picture we obtained. stance statesmanlike; his opponents called it a betrayal of the peasantry’s interests; while he himself constantly felt This year it was officially proposed that federal budget uneasy because he knew that the countryside needed appropriations for the agro-industrial complex would be funds, but not in those areas where they were being R18,125,600,000,000 when all the items of expenditure allocated. Furthermore, there was no extra source of are added together. The figure actually paid out was funding to be had, yet the existing source was too small. R8,303,400,000,000. In other words, 45.8 percent of the This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 27 total. When these articles were being prepared for pub- To All Sisters... lication another R383.7 billion were being processed. Who in the countryside has been favored financially and Is that a lot or not? How does this figure break down and is grateful to the agricultural lobby, and who has been what yield has it produced or will it produce? shortchanged? The most well-known item of expenditure which is Unfortunately, everyone in the country thhinks the same ditressing to everyone but the peasantry is SUBSIDIES about state financing. The money isn’t enough to main- AND COMPENSATION PAYMENTS. These are tain their activity, let alone develop it. The situation in direct, nonrefundable payments from the budget. The the agrarian sector today is such that the present level of figure planned for this year is R1,168,800,000,000. The funding is the final blow to it. The state cannot give figure actually paid out is R561.4 billion. Just what are enough funds to everyone in general so it tries to give some we all subsidizing and compensating the countryside for? to each individually. Thus it is killing everyone slowly—it The budget allocated R24.1 billion to cover part of the feels sorry for the cat so it cuts off its tail a piece at a cost of equipment acquisition and that figure has been time. paid out. The figure allocated for mineral fertilizers was R409.1 billion, while the sum actually paid is R145.7 You can analyze any item of expenditure and confirm billion. The budget shortfall for this item was fatal. The that fact. Take the irrigation systems, for example. peasants themselves cannot afford to buy the amount of Budget funding for them is only enough to prevent them fertilizer they need. Even the funds allocated in the from collapsing and to somehow keep them going. Oper- budget would not be enough for the amount of fertilizer ating costs have to be cut. This will inevitably mean that that the soil needs. What has actually happened is that 22 systems increasingly fall into disrepair and become unre- kg of active fertilizers have been applied per hectare in liable. It will be far costlier and more complex to repair Russia, which is not only less than in any other relatively them when that happens than to invest the resources agrarian country but is simply disastrous for soil fertil- necessary for modernization now. ity—today and in the future. The situation in oil production is exactly the same. The Some R259.9 billion were allocated for pedigree stock- plants are on the verge of closure. No money is being raising and elite-grade seed cultivation, but only R171.3 allocated for modernization or the construction of new billion have been paid out; the sum designed to offset enterprises. There is a constant, unceasing struggle to part of the cost of compulsory insurance is R135 billion, obtain the money simply to stop individual plants and all the figure paid out is R28 billion; instead of the R83 the plants together from closing today, tomorrow, or the billion intended to cover half the cost of feed shipment, day after that.... But that is not the way to resolve the R62.8 billion have been paid; R44.1 billion have been problem, that will only make matters worse. And even paid out for the production of flax fiber and hemp though the resources allocated in this way are meager for instead of the planned R104.4 billion; the veterinary a sector like this, they are a considerable part of the waste reprocessing plants [vetritilzavody] received R8.2 budget and are an extra burden as far as we are con- billion instead of the planned R19 billion; the amount cerned. paid for agricultural aviation fuel was as planned—R4.6 billion; fishery enterprises received R8.1 billion for fuel The bulk of state investments, according to the analysis and energy, which is in accordance with the planned of the specialists from the Institute for Problems of the figure, while the amount paid for heating homes and Transitional Period, is being directed into the processing hothouses—R63.5 billion—was less than the planned and food industries—a smhere which traditionally lags R73.8 billion; lastly, the amount planned for grain for behind and suffers from underfunding. The state’s aid, in bread production was R47.1 billion but the amount paid those analysts’ opinion, could be effective in terms of was R1 billion. developing the whole food complex if it were carried out intelligently or at least fairly thoughtfully—with a clear It was planned to allocate R249.6 billion for the develop- aim, clear-cut priorities, and anticipated effect. But what ment of private farming, including subsidized bank loans. is actually happening does not match those criteria at all. In fact R112.2 billion have been paid, which represents 45 For example, the budget included substantial funds for percent. investments in the sugar industry. The logic of those who It was also planned to subsidize the repayment of allocated budget funds seems sensible. The majority of interest on bank loans taken out in 1992-1993 by other the sector’s refineries were built and equipped in the peasants aside from private farmers—to the tune of distant past, often before the revolution. It is utterly R100 billion. According to our information the figure impossible for them to become competitive in the open actually paid out is R84 billion. market today without major state support. There is another important item of expenditure—the But this is where the fundamental question arises. Does fund for the leasing of equipment to peasants. The figure the state actually know what it wants? After all, it is set aside for this is R1 trillion but not a kopek has been necessary to choose: Either we have really major state paid out yet. support, which presumes the creation of our own sugar This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 28 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 29 November 1994 industry (in recent years half of Russia’s sugar require- Here are the figures. Sales of livestock and poultry for ments have been met by imports, including from former slaughter this year amounted to 7.4 million tonnes union republics, primarily Ukraine), or we end the compared with 8.3 million tonnes last year. However, pointless support for enterprises that are barely alive, a the decline is due to subsidized agricultural enterprises, support which is burdensome to the economy and the where meat production fell from 5.7 million tonnes to people. Both options are fundamentally sound, or at 4.8 million tonnes. Private farmers and private subsid- least represent a basis for discussion, but a choice has to iary plots maintained their figures despite the worsening be made. But what choice is there? Unfortunately, at the financial conditions. moment funds have been allocated to what is the worst of all options: enough to ensure survival but not enough Milk yield fell at agricultural enterprises from 27.3 for development. million tonnes last year to 22.9 million tonnes this year. But on private subsidiary plots production rose from Yet sugar beet production is one of the most profitable 13.8 million tonnes to 14.7 million tonnes and on private subsectors in agriculture today. This means that there are farms from 0.5 million tonnes to 0.6 million tonnes. quite powerful reasons for private investments in this Therefore, experience shows what the state’s priorities in sector. And the state could play an initiating role here its financial policy should be, and it identifies the without creating holes in our budget pocket. But no steps profitable and promising areas where budget resources are being made in this direction. should be invested. However, the state, under the influ- Such is the situation in principle—in virtually every item ence of the agrarian lobby, is stubbornly resisting. It of expenditure on the countryside. Money is being allo- contiaues to subsidize things which do nci and will not cated. But not in sufficient quantities to have any provide a return and does not allocate the necessary appreciable effect on production. What is perceptible, on resources to those areas where they could be repaid many the other hand, is the loss of those resources from the times over. For a better understanding of the point and national economy. For confirmation of that conclusion results of this kind of financing we should look more you only have to look at the figures for the return on closely at how the funds allocated to the regions “work” investments in relation to agricultural output. or how they disappear there. Pearls before Swine Military & Space Issues What have we, as consumers, gotten from our country- side by dramatically increasing its financial support this Grachev News Conference on Corruption, year? Sadly, a fall in the production of virtually all types Chechnya of food. According to the latest figures from the Russian LD2811152294 Moscow Mayak Radio Network in State Committee for Statistics the production of grain, Russian 1310 GMT 28 Nov 94 sunflowers, sugar beets, potatoes, and vegetables is con- siderably lower both compared with last year and with [FBIS Translated Text] Army General Pavel Grachev, the average indicators for the past five years. The pro- minister of defense of the Russian Federation, met with duction of grain and pulse crops, for example, fell by journalists today for the first time since addressing the almost 10 million tonnes compared with last year, sun- State Duma. That was bound to be the subject of the first flower production was down almost 0.5 million tonnes, question, from our observer Viktor Levin: beet production was halved, potato production was [Begin recording] [Levin] How do you think the Duma down by over 4 million tonnes, and vegetable production debate of army matters went, is that the appropriate was down by | million tonnes. level, are you satisfied? But the interesting point is that the structure of the [Grachev] Which debate do you have in mind? If you production of various types of produce attest to the mean on corruption in the Western Group of Forces, state’s completely absurd financial support for different what came out clearly was not what those who wanted forms of economic operation. The bulk of the potatoes something out of the ordinary to happen [word indis- and vegetables, for instance, are cultivated on private tinct] to come out. There was nothing of the sensation subsidiary plots, which did not get any budget support at that people were expecting there. It just didn’t happen. all. Yet that represents 70-90 percent of total production. The state reduced its funding to private farms this year The only thing I regret is that there was effectively a but their share of the production of all types of produce tactical withdrawal on the part of Mr. Yushenkov, in has increased. holding the hearings behind closed doors, you see. So little news seeped out to the press, although Burlakov The situation in stockraising is similar, although in many spoke robustly in there. He backed up all his evidence respects also distinctive. Overall production there with documents proving either the legitimate nature, declined by 6-11 percent compared with last year’s level say, of certain deals or issues, decisions, or proving that whereas production on private subsidiary plots was up 6 people were convicted and punished. There were no percent on last year. unknowns and will not be. This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 29 [Unidentified correspondent] Pavel Sergeyevich, what is Security Tightened at Arms-Making Facilities the situation in Chechnya? MM72811144594 Moscow ROSSIYSKAYA GAZETA in [Grachev] I am not very interested in this matter, Russian 24 Nov 94 First Edition p 2 because the armed forces are not involved there. Civil strife is happening there, it is a power struggle. I do see [Report by Aleksandr Batygin: “Can a Closed City Sleep on the television that prisoners seem to be taken there, Easy? Territories Crammed Full of Weapons Acquire among other things. The only thing I know is that on New Status”] both sides—on Dudayev’s side and on the side of the opposition—there is a large number of mercenaries {[FBIS Translated Text] A meeting with leaders of fighting. That is true. There are even mercenaries from Udmurtia’s law enforcement organs, in which the Rus- Afghanistan fighting on Dudayev’s side, a lot of them. sian president took part, adopted a decision in principle. There are mercenaries from the Baltic states and other Several Russian cities will be given special status, which states. There are Russians fighting among them, too, on envisages a more rigorous entry and exit procedure, Dudayev’s side. I cannot rule it out that they are also primarily for citizens of the near and far abroad. fighting on the opposition side, if they are paying well, Does this mean a return to the former closed cities of but to say there is organized operations by the Russian Soviet history? No, it is primarily a question of tight- army is, of course, raving. [end recording] ening up security at enterprises in cities manufacturing weapons and munitions. Weapons have now become a Grachev on Western Group of Forces popular and profitable commodity and are spreading over Russia and outside, falling into the hands of crim- LD2811184594 Moscow INTERFAX in English 1609 inals. Izhevsk, where Izhmash assembles the world- GMT 28 Nev 94 renowned Kalashnikov assault rifles and the mechanical plant produces rifles and pistols, is the focus of attention {[FBIS Transcribed Text] Russian Defense Minister Pavel Grachev said he was satisfied with the results of for the criminal structures. There are frequent cases of weapons being assembled in underground workshops the parliamentary hearings on performance of the Western Group of Troops (the Russian troops earlier using components stolen from these enterprises and then being sold to criminals. stationed in Germany) on November 24. He said the second stage of the hearings planned for December was The crime statistics for weapons thefts in Russia as a not likely to take place. whole are also depressing. The following figure was made public during the recent Duma parliamentary hearings: Grachev said he believed that the statement made by This year there have been almost 1,000 cases of weapons former Commander of the Western Group of Troops and munitions being stolen from guarded warehouses. Matvey Burlakov during the hearings was OK as Bur- lakov had proved his words by documents showing Sergey Stepashin, leader of the Russian Federal Coun- either that the decisions made were legal or that the terintelligence Service [FCS], noted that law enforce- responsible had been punished. ment organs are ready to use tough new measures to combat crime. However, he stressed, the toughness will Grachev told jowrnalists in Moscow today that nothing lie in vigorous offensive operations and not in breaking sensational had taken place during the parliamentary the law. hearings. He said the negative moments in activities of the Western Group of Troops, “at least during 1991- The latter is a matter for separate discussion. FCS, MVD 1994,” had been revealed and made known by the [Ministry of Internal Affairs], and Russian Prosecutor’s military command. Office leaders, who came to Izhevsk, were unanimous that until the State Duma and the Federation Council Grachev said he believed that everything would be done adopt a new Criminal Code and Code of Criminal to make the media forget about the incident involving Procedure to replace the outdated ones it is extremely the Western Group of Troops and help “Mister Sergey hard to curb wrongdoing. Yushenkov” (the chairman of the State Duma Defense Committee, an initiator of the hearings) to come through Quite recently many people, including the parliament, unscathed. “He will not manage to do it. We will remind gave the presidential edict on combating gangsterism him of it,” Grachev added. and organized crime a hostile reception. But the situa- tion remains extremely complex: The criminal world has Grachev denied information alleging delivery of arms of declared a real war on society, and determined tough the Western Group of Troops to some conflicting party measures cannot be avoided here. Russia’s regions with in Bosnia. He said this was easy to check as appropriate the most dangerous crime situation and arms manufac- documents would have been filled in for such a deal. turing cities should be reliably protected and taken under special control. Grachev stressed that the government was controlling arms sale. He said Russian armaments were sold only by The question of special status for the selfsame capital of the Rosvooruzheniye state company. Udmurtia has not arisen out of nothing. Late last This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 3 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 29 November 1994 October the republic’s Supreme Council adopted the For your information: The average monthly wage in the Law “On Administrative Penalties for Individual Cate- national economy is R253,200; in industry—R258,200, gories of Offense,” which speaks of the mandatory and in machine building—R 186,200. registration of visitors who are not citizens of the Rus- The lowest wages are to be found in the electronics sian Federation, in other words citizens of the CIS industry (R111,400), the highest in shipbuilding republics who do not have, moreover, a Russian entry (R247,400). visa. Under the new law the Udmurt authorities can fine and deport people who do not meet this regulation. The results of privatization and the financial situation are only summed up at the end of the quarter and are not Nonetheless “local” measures are not enough to resolve available for October. the problem. It has long since been a Russia-wide problem and should be resolved on a countrywide scale. Dynamics of Production Volumes in the State Committee Certain other cities in the country will obviously also for Defense Sectors of Industry (as a Percentage of 1991) receive special status. In particular, S. Stepashin men- tioned Arkhangelsk Oblast and Maritime Kray. 1992 1993 1994 (First 10 Months) Defense Industry Output Rate of Decline Slows Military 49.5 32.5 19.8 Output MM2811164494 Moscow KRASNAYA ZVEZDA in Civilian 99.6 85.6 50.4 Russian 26 Nov 94 p 3 Output [Report by Vitaliy Vitebskiy, chief of the Russian Fed- Total 80.4 64.4 38.3 eration State Committee for Defense Sectors of Industry Main Information and Statistics Directorate, dated 16 Dynamics of Production in the Russian Federation State November 1994: “Statistics: Military-Industrial Com- plex in October”’] Committee for Defense Sectors of Industry in 1994 (At Comparable Prices, As a Percentageof the Corresponding [FBIS Translated Text] In terms of the main elements Period Last Year) the defense industry’s October results mirror those of Production industry as a whole: Compared with September the rate of decline has dropped. Whereas in September the January 65.7 decline was 41.8 percent, in October it was 36.2 percent February 58.9 (compared with the same period last year). The decline March 57.4 in production volume since the beginning of the year was 40.8 percent. April 54.8 May 55.1 There are various reasons for this positive phenomenon. As far as military output is concerned this is primarily June 60.7 the result of a dramatic decline in production volumes in July $5.0 September (output which was not handed over then was August 62.5 handed over in October). September 58.2 In terms of civilian output there has been virtually no October 63.8 increase, but in terms of consumer goods the decline in the volume cf output was 45.9 percent (for comparison’s Further Scandals Among Military Top Brass sake: In September the decline was 50.9 percent). Predicted It will be clear in November or December whether this MM2811163994 Moscow IZVESTIYA in Russian 26 positive trend has been consolidated. An increase in Nov 94 p 2 production has usually been recorded in the last few months of the year (up to and including 1992). In 1993 [Report by Sergey Chugayev: “The ‘Burlakov Affair’ the rate of decline rose by over 5 percent a month in Collapses in Duma”’] Noverrber and December. There are not as yet any signs [FBIS Translated Text] It seems that the so-called “case of objective preconditions for a change in the situation. of corruption in the Western Group of Forces,” [WGF] This September compared with September 1993 the which resulted in the dismissal of General M. Burlakov, average number of workers encompassed by the com- the forces’ former commander, from ‘he post of deputy mittee as a whole dropped by 16.9 percent (including a defense minister can be consigned to the archives. figure of 17.2 percent in industry). During the parliamentary hearings at the State Duma 24 November, the former commander of the WGF virtually The average monthly wage per worker in September managed to convince the deputies of his noninvolve- 1994 throughout the committee as a whole stood at ment in the violations and abuses given quite detailed 165,400 rubles [R]. coverage in the press recently. This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 31 Emerging from the hall of sessions at the end of the However, it may be too soon to bring this story to a close. hearings, M. Burlakov did not hide his satisfaction at the According to certain information General V. Seliverstov, results and expressed gratitude to the legislators for former deputy commander of the WGF air force who is organizing this event. You can understand what the currently on trial for abuse of office, has begun giving general meant because by all accounts this was the last evidence from which it emerges that the violations day of accusations against him and the first day of his imputed to him were committed by him on the orders of rehabilitation. There is reason to believe that the his superiors. They include M. Burlakov himself. By all majority of the main characters in the story of corruption accounts in the near future we may be witnesses to many in the WGF imagined that this was how the hearings scandals in the top echelons of the Defense Ministry would end because despite being invited to attend they leadership connected with mutual accusations of corrup- did not turn up. P. Grachev, A. Ilyushenko, and Yu. tion. As one of the deputies said on this matter: “The Boldyrev were among those absent from the hall. This generals are starting to pin the blame on one another fact alone gives grounds for believing that the results of now.” the hearings are not going to be sensational. Despite the fact that the hearings in camera, the partic- Arctic Border District To Be Created ‘Next Year’ ipants in the event were willing to share their informa- MM2911102394 Moscow KRASNAYA ZVEZDA in tion with journalists and did not understand why this Russian 26 Nov 94 p 1 atmosphere of secrecy was needed. Briefly, what hap- pened at the hearings may be summarized as follows, [Report by Vladimir Gundarov: “New Border District according to the deputies’ accounts of it: M. Burlakov Will Protect Russia in the North”] gave the parliamentarians convincing evidence of his noninvolvement in the abuses which have occurred in [FBIS Translated Text] A new border district is being the WGF. created in northern Russia, to be inaugurated next year on the basis of the Border Guard Troops’ Arctic Group. M. Burlakov in particular gave explanations about the sensational story of the “two Mercedes cars” acquired Border guards have plenty of problems to tackle associ- for the Defense Ministry’s leadership. In his words, the ated with the fact that an extensive area of the Barents cars were bought with money obtained for the placing of Sea, including an oil-bearing region, is a so-called “gray advertising hoardings around the military camps. Docu- area”—a disputed border area—and the state border in ments were produced to prove that. It is said that M. the Arctic seas extends beyond the 12-mile territorial Burlakov came to the hearings armed with a bulky waters zone. briefcase full of documents and papers vindicating him- self. ‘Red Brigade’ Claims To Shoot ‘Entrepreneurs’ During the hearings the deputies also learned that viola- MM2911104694 Moscow PRAVDA in Russian 26 Nov tions connected with the Russian Federation Defense 94 p2 Ministry’s Main Directorate for Trade similar to those which occurred in the WGF have also taken place in [Report by parliamentary correspondent Nikolay Leon- other groups of forces—in Poland, Hungary, and Czech- tyev: “Shooting Bankers”’] oslovakia. The mass media have paid considerably less [FBIS Translated Text] The evening was drawing in. An attention to them but the same cannot be said about the endless stream of cars was going past. prosecutor’s office organs which are investigating these cases of abuse. A gray “Volga” suddenly pulled up alongside me. The door opened and I saw this attractive young woman. She The closed hearings held 24 November were only the looked me in the eye, smiled, and said, very insistently: first stage in the extensive parliamentary examination of the situation which developed in the WGF in the final “Get in, I'll give you a ride.” days of its existence. It is too soon to summarize the Surprised by her unexpected attention, I replied almost results. But two facts are already clear. First, the inves- automatically: tigations organs do not have evidence of the involvement of top Russian Army officers, primarily the Defense “Thank you, but I’m not going anywhere. I live right Minister and Gen M. Burlakov, in any abuses. Nor does here.” the State Duma have any such evidence. Second: The scandal surrounding the WGF has been exploited most “Get in!” she demanded. “You are Nikolay Petrovich, effectively by the communists for their own ends. A year aren’t you? We need to talk.” ago they reviled the army. Now they are acting as its Bewildered and confused, I opened the door of the most loval defenders. The man most content with the “Volga” and got into the front seat next to the young outcome of the hearings after M. Burlakov himself must woman. She moved off confidently. surely be V. Ilyukhin, one of the leaders of the Commu- nist Party faction. [Leontyev] “What do you want?” This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 RUSSIA INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 33 [FBIS Translated Text} [111030] [Correspondent over [Gorbatko pointing to control panels} The whole of the vintage footage of space station, cosmonauts, aerial station’s control equipment was located here. By means photographs, followed by guided tour of “Almaz” space of this magnifier and these levers we observed the Earth. station] At a given moment we'd position the station...; on this screen [points to a circular screen] we were also able to From April 1971 onward practically all our cosmonauts see where we were, what the terrain was like, and what have flown on “Salyut” and “Mir” orbital stations. A our inclination [kren] was. At the right moment we great deal was said and written about Salyuis |, 6, and 7. would switch on the magnifier and take the photographs However, nothing was disclosed about the Salyut 2, 3 using the Agat camera. It was located in this area here. and 5 [figures as heard] missions. The fact that the flight The development also took place right here. And here engineers were military cosmonauts excited the imagina- there were two onboard computer systems, one of which tion. These mysterious “Salyuts” were “Almaz” orbital was always in operation. Admittedly, while we were on reconnaissance stations. While the Korolev Design the station we combined them into one, since one thing Bureau under Mishin was busy with the Moon program, would go wrong on one, and another thing on the other. Vladimir Chelomey at the Experimental Design Bureau You can see how much space was taken up by the No. 52 was proposing building an orbital observation equipment for photographing sections of the Earth. station for reconnaisance work from space. The project was approved in 1967 and work got under way. How- And here were the chamber and the hatch with the appropriate superstructure where we would place the ever, because of delays in the delivery of specialized equipment, production fell behind schedule. Four fin- capsule. First we would place it here, check its content, and place the developed film in the capsule. Then using ished Almaz hulls were then handed over to Mishin. this panel [video shows keyboard] we would enter the They later flew as Salyut craft. The first Almaz was program for the capsule’s return to Earth. launched as Salyut 2 only in 1973, and unsuccessfully at that. In 1974 and 1976 two more Almaz stations were {Correspondent} And what is this? launched. They were manned. The Almaz complex was an orbital station weighing around 19 tonnes to which [Gorbatko] This is the re-entry craft [vozvrashchayemyy crews were to be delivered by means of transport craft. apparat] designed to deliver a three-member crew to the Landing was envisaged by means of a special landing station. craft. [Correspondent] We will tell you about this in one of our subsequent programs. This is the first report from inside the Almaz. We are accompanied by mission commander Viktor Gorbatko. Tsiklon-3 Satellite Launched From Plesetsk [V.V. Gorbatko, USSR pilot-cosmonaut, identified by LD2911112494 Moscow ITAR-TASS in English 0530 caption] The station was built mainly for purposes of GMT 29 Nov 94 reconnaissance. At the time it was envisaged that weapons would be installed on the Almaz station in the [By ITAR-TASS string correspondent Viktor Gritsenko] longer term. However, the Almaz that I flew only had [FBIS Transcribed Text] Moscow November 29 TASS— reconnaissance equipment on board. This consisted A Tsiklon-3 booster rocket with a Geo-IK satellite was mainly of a very big camera—the “‘Agat.”” Apart from successfully launched from Plesetsk cosmodrome by taking photographs with this camera, we also carried out Russian space defence forces at 05.54 Moscow time instantaneous development. The highest speed we ever (02.54 gmt) on Tuesday. reached was around 30 minutes or even just under. In just under 30 minutes we managed to take the photo- The satellite is intended for the geodetic study of the graphs, develop them, and send them back to Earth. Earth. This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 34 RUSSIA NATIONAL AFFAIRS 29 November 1994 Federal Assembly Viktorov said that NATO intended to build relations with Russia on the basis of bilateral treaties. “Though Yeltsin Refers Treaty With Vietnam to State the authority of Russia is obviously growing and it has Duma significantly influenced work of the NATO Assembly LD2811163294 Moscow ITAR-TASS in English 1532 there are few of those seriously believing that our GMT 28 Nov 94 country could become a member of NATO in the near future,” he said. {By ITAR-TASS diplomatic correspondent Sergey Afonin] Commenting on the plans of East European countries to join NATO, Viktorov said he could not understand why [FBIS Transcribed Text] Moscow November 28 TASS— they wanted to jump over a stage taking into consider- A treaty on the basic principles of friendly relations ation that not a single practical move had been carried between the Russian Federation and the Socialist out within the scope of the NATO Partnership for Peace Republic of Vietnam, signed in Moscow on June 16, program. Viktorov said he believed that the present 1994, was submitted for ratification to the State Duma objective situation was not appropriate for enlargement of the Federal Assembly by Russian President Boris of NATO. Yeltsin. The accompanying letter addressed by the president to State Duma Receives POW List From Chechnya Speaker of the State Duma Ivan Rybkin says, specifi- LD2811200594 Moscow ITAR-TASS World Service in cally, that the treaty creates a legal basis for the devel- Russian 1703 GMT 28 Nov 94 opment of friendship and cooperation with the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and is to replace the 1978 treaty of [By ITAR-TASS correspondent Pavel Kuznetsov] friendship and cooperation between **e USSR and the [FBIS Translated Text] Moscow, 28 Nov—Lists con- Socialist Republic of Vietnam. taining the names of nine people taken prisoner in Both sides highly assessed the present treaty which Chechnya arrived in the Duma Defense Committee regulates the entire range of relations between the two today. The Chechen leadership claims that they “are countries, is in keeping with the spirit of new times and Russian Army servicemen,’’ Sergey Yushenkov, is fully in accord with the interests of Russia and chairman of the committee, tells ITAR-TASS. Vietnam. After a certain pause in the recent years, relations between the two countries are developing ever The lists were transmitted to Moscow at Dzhokhar more rapidly. Dudayev’s instruction after his telephone conversation with Sergey Yushenkov today. In the area of bilateral relations the treaty is aimed at the implementation to mutual advantage of the accumulated The Duma Defense Committee chairman said the list potential in the commercial, economic, scientific, tech- contains the names of people presumably in the ranks of nical, humanitarian and other relations. privates and sergeants. Checks on their military unit numbers began today. How they entered Chechnya, that In the area of foreign policy, both sides pledge them- is, following military orders or of their own will, is being selves to contribute vigorously to the maintenance of ascertained. international peace and security. They express mutual striving to help enhance efficiency of the United Nations Also today, Sergey Yushenkov said there was yet another and promote the widening of cooperation in the Asia- telephone conversation with Groznyy. According to Pacific region. Chechnya, the total list of captives accused by Chechnya of belonging to the Russian Army numbers 20 people. Federation Council’s Viktorov on Enlargement of NATO LDPR Faction Considers Chechen Situation LD2811215894 Moscow INTERFAX in English 1941 LD2811185094 Moscow INTERFAX in English 1609 GMT 28 Nov 94 GMT 28 Nov 94 [FBIS Transcribed Text] The loyalty with which NATO [FBIS Transcribed Text] The tragedy of Chechnya where regards the will of East European countries to join the the fire of war is burning is that “Russians have com- alliance could be explained only by the intention to pletely withdrawn themselves from what is happening in “create a sanitary cordon around Russia,” Deputy this republic,” said a statement of the faction of Liberal Speaker of the Federation Council Valerian Viktorov Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR) circulated in the said in an interview with Interfax today. Viktorov par- State Duma and transferred to Interfax today. ticipated in the session of the NATO Assembly last week. The LDPR statement said that the “Russian Foreign The North Atlantic Assembly unites parliamentarians of Ministry has not national policy but only American the NATO member-states. Russia and several East Euro- policy.” The LDPR faction said Chechen President pean countries have the status of associated members in Dzhokhar Dudayev was right when stating that “Russia the assembly. participates in the civil war on the side of the opposition This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 RUSSIA NATIONAL AFFAIRS 35 as the opposition was a continuation of the pro- guarantees of social protection for servicemen and, at the American Russian Foreign Ministry.” same time, make the law itself more effective (who knows better than we military people how ineffectual Under the rule of the present “anti-national government this law has proved in real life?). It is significant that the in the Moscow Kremlin the war in Chechnya is con- Defense Committee proposed examining the draft law ceived as an endless war till the death of the last on its first reading and at once holding a vote on its Chechen,” the LDPR faction in the State Duma said. adoption without subsequent readings. The position of The LDPR faction said it believed that an end to the war State Duma Chairman Ivan Rybkin is also reassuring: could be put only by replacing the present Russian He not only agreed with his colleagues but also proposed government by a government aiming at defending the discussing the draft law as soon as possible. Unfortu- national interests of Russia. nately, the Defense Committee has now thrown all forces into the 1995 defense budget (not that there is anything Parliamentarian Urges Russian Mediation in to regret here—the Army’s financial health today is Chechnya positively comatose). The chief thing is that the “Law on LD2811134994 Moscow ITAR-TASS in English 1227 Status” has already become firmly established in the GMT 28 Nov 94 Duma’s plans. The adoption of the amendments to it will not result in the disappearance of severance pay of 20 [By ITAR-TASS parliamentary correspondent Ivan times salary, free travel on public transport, and other Novikov] benefits. Let us not forget, however, that the final deci- sions are adopted precisely at plenary sessions. It is [FBIS Transcribed Text] Moscow November 28 TASS— possible that some of the deputies or even whole factions “Only an immediate mediation mission of the Russian will reckon that the list of privileages can be shortened. parliament and government can stop the bloodshed in Chechnya,” Viktor Ilyukhin, chairman of the Russian I was told all this by Colonel General Leonid Mayorov, parliament lower house committee on security, claimed assistant to the State Duma chairman. He is well known in an interview with ITAR-TASS on Monday [28 in the Armed Forces, for he commanded the North- November]. western Gi. => of Forces and brought it back to Russia. To this day he is resolving questions of apartments for “The federal authorities should help the warring sides in former subordinates—78 percent of the servicemen’s the Chechen republic to sit at the negotiating table,” the families have received apartments, and the general is legislator noted. sure that the rest will get them. In Ilyukhin’s opinion, above all the Russian parliament upper chamber which has to take up, by right, problems It is of considerable importance that the former com- emerging in regions, should initiate this action. The mander of the Northwestern Group of Forces still committee chairman noted that the lower house had remains on the lists of the Armed Forces. He is on adopted a decision on Chechnya in the past. secondment to the Duma, and thus we have a right to regard him as the plenipotentiary representative of the “Our position remains intact: Talks between Chechen military person’s interests in the Russian parliament. President Dudayev and the opposition, early elections of Thus, the general believes that the Duma, including in the republican president and parliament as well as for- the person of its chairman, keeps Army problems con- mation of legal authorities are the basis for a settlement stantly in its field of vision. A recent example is the of the fratricidal conflict,” Ilyukhin said. aduption on its first reading of the draft law on making changes and additions to the Russian Federation Law “The civil war is raging in Russia, and I cannot agree “On Military Service Obligation and Military Service.” that the federal authorities should take a neutral posi- True, in order to make the law itself start working, in tion,” he stressed. Mayorov’s opinion, it is necessary to adopt as a ““make- weight” at least 17 legal acts. For example, the law on Government Neglect of Army Financial Needs Hit alternative service (the work on it in the Duma is MM2811151594 Moscow KRASNAYA ZVEZDA in complete), the president’s edict on approving the Statute Russian 25 Nov 94 p 1 on the Procedure for Performing Military Service (also [word illegible}), the government’s approval of the stat- [Article by Vladimir Yermolin: “The Duma Returns to utes on military commissariats, on military registration, the Law ‘On the Status of Servicemen’””} on the draft, etc. The whole sought-after package of legal acts will evidently see the light of day along with the law [FBIS Translated Text] The draft law prepared by the itself in the first quarter of '%95. government on making changes and additions to the Russian Federation Law “On the Status of Servicemen” Active work on the amendments to the Russian Federa- will most likely be examined at plenary sessions of the tion Law “On Defense” began in November. The extent Duma 7 or 9 December. The State Duma Council, which to which this law does not accord today with the provi- recently examined this question, concluded that the sions of the new constitution is known. It will be exam- changes that have been made do not affect the existing ined at the plenary session of the Duma at the end of This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 36 RUSSIA NATIONAL AFFAIRS 29 November 1994 November or the beginning of December. In general, “The code,” bloc leader Grigoriy Yavlinskiy believes “‘is according to Mayorov’s assurances, all the draft laws a full package of legislative acts enabling the president concerning the Armed Forces are being monitored by and the Federal Assembly to be elected and a referendum State Duma Chairman Ivan Rybkin. to be held.” Which range of problems with a bearing on the Army is In his opinion, the most important thing for the demo- the State Duma chairman having to tackle today? As is cratic forces is confidence that the elections will be known, the state program of housing construction for honest and demucratic, and that the Stalinist formula— servicemen and those transferred to the reserve has been that it is not important who wins but who counts—will wrecked. In order to rescue it, it is necessary to build at be ruled out. least 135,000 apartments in 1995. The president instructed the government to resolve this question. Certain amendments made by “Yabloko,” which are not Viktor Chernomyrdin issued a directive to fund the particularly significant, according to Viktor Sheynis, are construction program for servicemen as a separate line used in the presidential drafts. Notably, the powers of in the federal budget. The draft budget arrived—no line. the Central Electoral Commission—as a kind of mini- Ivan Rybkin has written a letter to Viktor Chernomyr- ministry on elections—are preserved in the alternative din, and the appropriate Duma committees have been documents, as is the possibility of influencing electoral entrusted with preparing an amendment to the draft commissions from two sides at once—administration budget. There is another problem, also to do with and the purse. apartments. Some 25,000 Russian citizens who, in the The viewpoint of Vladimir Isakov, chairman of the past, worked for our cosmonautics at Baykonur are Committee for Judicial-Legal Reform, serves as a kind of today in limbo, as it were: There is no work, and nowhere resume. to go. The Russian Federation Government adopted a decision to construct 12,500 apartments for the people of “You can only codify legislation if it exists,” he believes. Baykonur on Russian territory. Again this construction “But, you see, we have no laws on the elections of the was to be funded as a separate line in the budget. The president and the Federal Assembly, and the law on draft budget arrived—no line.... In general, once again it holding a referendum is completely out of date. That is is again necessary to get to the bottom of this and to why we need to take the presidential version with the ascertain why, in the government, figuratively speaking, amendments made by the committee as a foundation.” the left hand does not know what the right hand is doing. B. Isakov advises that the political reality should also be taken into account. Since the Duma can be dissolved, Deputies Comment on Election-Related Laws while the Federation Council is in danger of no such MM2811121594 Moscow ROSSIYSKAYA GAZETA in thing, we should start specifically with the Law on Russian 25 Nov 94 Weekend Edition p 2 Elections to the State Duma. [Article by Yevgeniy Skukin under the rubric “Power ...Before the repeat vote on the draft law on the refer- and the Law. How to Elect Yourself”: “By Adopting the endum, Anatoliy Lukyanov made an unexpected, to my Law on Elections, the Deputies Decided What Is More mind, speech in the hall. “No one suspects me of Important: Who Wins or Who Counts”)} sympathizing with the president. But we should vote for [FBIS Translated Text] Last Wednesday [23 November] his draft laws with the amendments made by the Com- deputies in the low: chamber passed the following mittee for Judicial-Legal Reform. This is the version of the electoral system which is most suitable for the federal laws, presented by the president, in their first reading: “On Elections of Federal Assembly State Duma transitional period.” Deputies” (with amendments made by the Committee Lukyanov’s campaigning did not save the law on the for Legislation and Court-Legal Reform) and “On Imple- referendum. menting Amendments and Addenda to the RSFSR Penal Code and the RSFSR Code on Administrative Viola- According to Nikolay Ryabov, the Russian Federation tions.” president’s official representative, the conciliation com- mission is revising the law on the elections of the However, the third law in the president’s “electoral president. package”’—the draft law “On the Russian Federation Referendum”—was not successful for the time being. It required a qualified majority of votes, but did not obtain Regional Affairs it. Leaders Urge Yeltsin To End Chechen ‘Civil War’ That is the material result of Wednesday’s struggle of LD2811215094 Moscow INTERFAX in English 1941 opinions, so to speak. And the confrontation between GMT 28 Nov 94 two alternative legislative documents—the presidential one and the “Yabloko” bloc’s one—was the mainspring [FBIS Transcribed Text] Several heads of the North of the dramatic action. “Yabloko” had prepared the Caucasian republics and the administrations of the Electoral Code. southern regions of Russia addressed Russian President This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 RUSSIA NATIONAL AFFAIRS 37 Boris Yeltsin with an appeal concerning the sharp aggra- Council could hold an emergency session on Wednesday vation of the situation in Chechnya, well-informed [30 November]. According to Deputy Speaker Valerian sources told Interfax today. Viktorov, the issue is being decided at this very moment at a meeting between Boris Yeltsin and Vladimir Shum- The appeal says that the situation in Chechnya is dete- eyko, chairman of the Federation Council. riorating every day and every hour. “A civil war is underway on Russian territory, blood of civilians is Let me remind you that if the president signs an edict being shed. We address you, the Russian President, the introducing a state of emergency in Chechnya, then, in guarantor of the Russian Constitution and human rights, accordance with the Constitution, the Federation with a demand that the bloody conflict in Chechnya be Council will have to convene within 72 hours. halted immediately and all measures be taken to ensure the constitutional order and protect the rights and legal Chechen President Dzhokhar Dudayev learned about interests of people, including their main right to life and the meeting in the Kremlin from Ekho Moskvy corre- security.” spondents. Here is what he had to say to that: According to the same sources, the appeal was signed by [Begin Dudayev recording] What is all that about the President of Adygeiya Aslan Jarimov, President of Kab- state of emergency that Russia is going to introduce ardino-Balkaria Valeriy Kokov, Head of the Stavropol here? What right has it got? You have usurped us and Region’s Administration Yevgeniy Kuznetsov, Premier now you are terrorizing us. You are going to bring us to of Karachayevo-Cherkessiya Vladimir Khubiyev, Presi- a state when the people, who are already fretting, may dent of North Ossetia Akhsarbek Galazov, Head of the start to act—and in that case, I believe, there will be a Rostov Region’s Administration Vladimir Chub and U-turn, because there just will not be anyone to declare Head of the Krasnodar Region’s Administration Yev- a state of emergency. geniy Kharitonov. Chechnya has never been and will never be part of Chechen Opposition Admits ‘Temporary Setback’ Russia. The Chechens will never tolerate being humili- LD2811171294 Moscow ITAR-TASS in English 1638 ated like other peoples are still being humiliated even GMT 28 Nov 94 now. [end recording] [By ITAR-TASS correspondent Mikhail Shevtsov] [Announcer] Valerian Viktorov, meanwhile, does not [FBIS Transcribed Text] Moscow November 28 TASS— believe that a state of emergency necessarily means that The Chechen opposition admitted it had suffered a troops will immediately be sent to the republic. In the “temporary setback” in recent fighting for the capital of deputy speaker’s view, the border cordon may be Groznyy, but said its forces are getting ready for a new stepped up instead, in order to prevent outside forces from intervening in the conflict. offensive. The opposition “qualifies the latest operation to sieze Sergey Yushenkov, head of the Duma Defense Com- power in Groznyy as a temporary setback and is getting mittee, also rejects the idea of introducing a state of ready for a new offensive in the near future”, spokesman emergency. of the provisional council Ruslan Martagov told TASS on Monday [28 November]. [Begin Yushenkov recording] The introduction of a state of emergency can hardly be a way out of the situation. I He added that the forces of the council control the am in favor of all issues being solved peacefully, through settlement of Staraya Sunzha in the outskirts of Groznyy negotiations. In my own view—though I have to stress and said no combat activities took place today. that I am not very familiar with the situaiion—we have not yet exhausted all the opportunities for talks with According to Martagov, government troops executed on various political forces in Chechnya, including Sunday 50 opposition fighters taken prisoner during the Dzhokhar Dudayev himself. [end recording] weekend clashes. On Monday government troops stopped two ambulances [Announcer] A more important issue, according to Yush- of the opposition which collected the dead bodies. enkov, is the future of the Russian servicemen captured Nurses were released, while doctors were taken in by Dudayev’s troops. Some of them were shown in unknown direction, Martagov said. yesterday’s TV program Itogi. Three—Yevgeniy Zhukov, Andrey Rusakov, and Andrey Kryukov—were Dudayev on Possible State of Emergency in recognized by relatives. Official Groznyy claims that in Chechnya all over 70 Russians have been captured. Today they were to be led in a column through Groznyy, and LD2811172094 Moscow Radiostantsiya Ekho Moskvy tomorrow they were to be executed by shooting. In this in Russian 1600 GMT 28 Nov 94 connection, Sergey Yushenkov urgently contacted [FBIS Translated Text] [Announcer] In connection with Dudayev today and told us about the results of their the increase in tension in Chechnya, the Federation talks. This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 38 RUSSIA NATIONAL AFFAIRS 29 November 1994 [Begin Yushenkov recording] I understand that they will Russia’s leadership and senior politicians should bear not be shot—at least not until all the circumstances are responsibility for the fate (?0f these Armed Forces), studied by myself and my colleagues. [end recording] which they have ruined and destroyed and turned into common bands of hoodlums. To the great regret and [Announcer] Also today, Sergey Yushenkov asked shame of the Russian Government and people, this Dudayev to make a list of all the captured Russians and includes the elite units of the air force. That is not to send it to Moscow. mention the land forces. [Correspondent] Dzhokhar Musayevich, I wanted to ask Chechen President Interviewed you, on 19 August 1991, you were one of the...[brief LD2811202494 Moscow Radiostantsiya Ekho Moskvy break in reception]... republics that supported the Rus- in Russian 1730 GMT 28 Nov 94 sian Federation Supreme Soviet and President Yeltsin in the fight against the SCSE [State Committee for the State {Interview with Chechen President Dzhokhar Dudayev of Emergency]. What has happened, in your view? You by unidentified correspondent—live] used to back Yeltsin and were on good terms with him. What happened? [FBIS Translated Text] [Correspondent] This is the Ekho Moskvy radio station live on-air. The time in Moscow is [Dudayev] Nothing has happened to me. It is too late for 2031 and we have Chechen Republic President me to change my ways. I am a professional soldier and an Dzhokhar Dudayev. Good evening, Mr. President. officer. And my honor is intact. The Russian leadership quickly changed its honor, [Dudayev] Good evening. morals, conscience and dignity, and turned into a [Correspondent] Mr. President, virtually all of Moscow common gang of criminals, not leaders. This is to the is now listening to you. We have had a lot of calls today, detriment of not only Chechnya, but the entire Soviet and our first concern of course is how steady the situa- people, if I can put it that way. New seats of civil war are tion is in the capital of the Chechen Republic and, of incited every day: Central Asia, the Caucasus, the Baltic, course, to be straight about this, the young men who were Moldova. Everything around us is going up in flames. All shown on television yesterday, if I may ask you about that lives is put to the flame and the sword. Civilians are that. being killed, industry is being thrown back decades into the past. Everything that the Soviet people built is being [Dudayev] Life in Groznyy, the capital of the Chechen pulled down. And this is called the new democratic Republic, Ichkeriya, is calm and relatively normal. It is politics, the new political leadership of Russia. entirely and most definitely under the government’s full control. Repair work is underway on the destruction I call it straightforward world-class thuggery. caused by the latest intervention and aggression by [Correspondent] Dzhokhar Musayevich, but where is the Russian forces. way out? Whatever happens, there will have to be some Over 150 pieces of armor supported by land and air- kind of talks. I know that you and Sergey Yushenkov, borne assault troops delivered a shattering blow against chairman ci the Duma’s Defense Committee, exchanged the capital and inflicted irreparable damage to the fabric telephone calls today, and that he has received the names and morale of the city. Those who suffered most were of nine POWs from you. I have just been on the civilians of all nationalities. Buildings, electricity supply, telephone to him and he is investigating further. But gas and water mains, and other parts of the city’s there will have to be some kind of talks. Who are you infrastructure have been destroyed. willing to negotiate with in the Russian leadership? We stopped 67 tanks, of which 28 were destroyed and [Dudayev] I have always been willing to hold talks with the rest captured. All the crews were from Russia and the legitimate Russian authorities. I have never refused. mainly of Russian nationality. There were a few of other But I have been fobbed off with pettifogging pedants of nationality. no import or role in the Russian leadership, with spongers and criminals who are out for their own polit- [Correspondent] Mr. President, your country, your ical aims. I do not intend to stoop to their level. republic, which for a long time was in the USSR and the [Correspondent] What level do you want, Dzhokhar Russian Federation, is a multinational country where Musayevich? there are mixed marriages and where Russians and Chechens live together. You used to live in Estonia, [Dudayev] The level of the legitimate authorities in when you were commanding officer of a garrison. But Russia. There is, after all, a supreme authority in Russia? you say it was Russian servicemen. [Correspondent] There is the prime minister, the presi- [Dudayev] Yes, Russian servicemen. Russia is the suc- dent, the chairman of the council of ministers [as heard], cessor to the USSR, and it has unilaterally arrogated to the chairman of parliament. Who do you think you could itself the right to lead, command, and use the Armed talk with in order to unravel this problem? Who would Forces of the USSR. you choose to talk to? This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 RUSSIA NATIONAL AFFAIRS 39 [Dudayev] I cannot choose who to talk to. I am willing to is in the wrong, then Russia should correct itself. And if hold talks at the appropriate level with any branch of Russia cannot do that, then...[brief break in reception] power in Russia. I have never refused to do this. [Correspondent] Dzhokhar Musayevich, was there any [Correspondent] Even after what has happened over the response or reaction? past few days? [Dudayev] There was. This question is being raised in [Dudayev] No. That changes nothing. (7Lots of things) dozens of countries. have happened. I have seen enough over the past four [Correspondent] One more question. Recently, various years of what the Russian leadership can do. As soon as crimes committed in Moscow have been attributed by radical talks were scheduled we would immediately be official and semi-official sources to the Chechens. It is subjected to provocation—as soon as radical talks or a said that the order has gone out to deliberately destabi- solution to any issue looked likely. There were talks lize the situation in Moscow. I would like you, on air between Chernomyrdin and Deputy Prime Minister before the people of Moscow, to comment on that. Mugodayev. We suggested...[brief break in recep- tion]...(?agreement). Chernomyrdin said that he would [Dudayev] I have said on dozens and dozens of occa- not alter even a comma in the agreement, that it suited sions and say it once more: I solemnly state that I and the Russia and upheld its good name and neither denigrated government that I head will never be allowed to stoop to nor sang the praises of Chechnya, and now it would go to the level of terrorists. And nothing happening in Moscow the president, who was willing to sign it that very day. or Russia has any connection, especially in terms of terrorism, sabotage, or provocation, has nothing at all to As soon as this option for solving the problem was realy, do with us, now or in the future. The people of Kussia in came the criminais—Doku Zavgayev [ex-chairman of can be sure of that. Chechen-Ingushetia Supreme Soviet], Salambek Khadzhiyev [leader of bloc of democratic forces], Yaragi [Correspondent] What you have said is very important. Mamodayev, and other flunkies of Chechen extraction. This is Ekho Moskvy live on air with Dzhokhar Khasbulatov also turned up and they launched a fresh Dudayev, the president of the Chechen Republic. venture, this time together with the presidential admin- Dzhokhar Musayevich, in Chechnya at the moment istration concealing its connivance from the other there are the authorities—you, the popularly-elected branches of power. And this is what they prepared for us. president—and there is also an opposition that has withdrawn from Groznyy. Is this civil war? How do you [Correspondent] This is Ekho Moskvy live on the air describe it? with Dzhokhar Dudayev, the president of the Chechen Republic. One more question: What will now happen to [Dudayev] It is not an opposition. No country in the the prisoners, Dzhokhar Musayevich? world has an opposition with strike aircraft, armadas of tanks, and mercenaries. And it was not a withdrawal. It [Dudayev] As the Russian authorities requested, I have was straightforward intervention headed by the former detailed specific names, units, ranks. and commanding political leadership of Russia. It was straightforward officers. There are senior and junior officers, privates, armed aggression against the people and citizens of and NCOs of all ranks. We have asked the Russian Chechnya, against the Chechen Republic and its state- procurator general, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and hood. State Duma—are these your sons? Do you acknowledge they are your citizens and your servicemen? The pris- [Correspondent] Dzhokhar Musayevich, Russian oners’ fate will depend on the answers. If they are Defense Minister Pavel Grachev told journalists today acknowledged, they will be treated according to all the that he absolutely denied any involvement by Russian rules and standards for POWs. If they are rejected, then forces, and said that if the Russian Army were to get throughout the whole world there is only one thing to do involved then one paratrooper regiment would be with thugs and mercenaries. enough—I do not quite remember exactly what unit he said—to resolve the issue. But Russia is not involved, he [Correspondent] Dzhokhar Musayevich, not long before said. What do you as a career soldier say to that? the events of last Friday and Saturday, the Presidential Council, I think, of your republic, appealed to the UN [Dudayev] As a professional soldier, Pavel Grachev, and asked it to immediately intervene. What did the Russia’s defense minister, should have known that on council mean by immediately intervene? Chechnya’s territory there was not one but many regi- ments, which were escorted away from here calmly and [Dudayev] Send observers to objectively assess the situ- without a single casualty. He should have known that in ation and events as they develop. Assess them from the 1991 a paratrooper regiment was sent here, fed well, and viewpoint of the law...[brief reception break]...stop us, once again sent away from here. He should have known put us right and say you, esteemed or otherwise people of that in 1992 an armored armada invaded here and Chechnya, you, in accordance with the norms and stan- occupied one of our districts. Without a single shot being dards of international law are in the wrong and you fired and without a single casualty, they were sent back. should correct yourselves by doing this or that. If Russia Grachev should have known that he will not resolve This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 40 RUSSIA NATIONAL AFFAIRS 29 November 1994 anything here in Chechnya with a paratrooper regiment, In an Open Radio interview Rybkin said Monday [28 and nobody would even think of taking him seriously. November] that, as proposed by Duma member Mikhail Burlakov, the Chechen situation will be discussed at the Grachev went to the Duma to deliver a report to the very first plenary session in December. country’s highest legislative body and ended up instead delivering a dressing-down, and what he is now saying to Rybkin did not rule out the possibility of sending a the Russian people is simply bluster. parliamentary delegation to Chechnya for talks with the local factions. I regret that the Armed forces of the former USSR are led by a general with such lack of scruples and responsibility. Viktorov on Chechen State of Emergency [Correspondent] This is Ekho Moskvy and the time in LD2911121594 Moscow Russian Television Network in Moscow is 2044 hours. We are with Dzhokhar Dudayev, Russian 1100 GMT 29 Nov 94 the president of the Chechen Republic. Dzhokhar Musayevich, our program is coming to an end. You now [From the “Vesti” newscast] have the opportunity to speak directly to the people of Moscow and all who are listening to us. Go ahead. {FBIS Translated Excerpt] [Correspondent T. Orlova] The possibility of the Russian president issuing an edict [Dudayev] I will use this opportunity to appeal to on the introduction of a state of emergency in Chechnya Muscovites and all those listening. Dear citizens of in the next few days is becoming more and more likely. Moscow. I say to you with full responsibility that every- But only the Federation Council can aliow the president thing that has been thought up and pinned on the to implement emergency measures with regard to any of Chechens and the government of Chechnya—terrorism the Federation’s subjects. Valeriyan Viktorov, the first and sabotage—is all a fabricated deception and we will deputy speaker of the Federation Council said today that never stoop to such a level. That is the first thing. in the present circumstances it was criminal not to Second, I appeal to the people of Moscow, to the mothers intervene in Chechnya’s affairs. [passage omitted] whose sons have only just been brought back from [Begin Viktorov recording] The introduction of a state of Afghanistan as corpses in their hundreds and thousands, emergency does not necessarily mean that Russian and to the orphans who have been left fatherless, stand troops will be brought to Chechnya. It does not mean up and speak. What are we to do with the approximately that there will be an escalation of some kind of military 200 people who are still alive here? Unless you admit to tension there because the state of emergency envisages, knowing them, the same fate awaits them that awaited all first and foremost, certain measures with regard to the rest. Unless the people of Moscow and democratic controlling the situation in border regions and ensuring forces shift their top political leadership on to legal the safety of, let us say people coming to Chechnya or tracks, a Russian tragedy is inevitable. Thank you. All leaving it. [end recording] the best. Goodnight. [Correspondent] Thank you. This is Ekho Moskvy live Ingush Official: Russian Troops Not Involved in on air and that was Dzhokhar Dudayev, the president of Chechnya the Chechen Republic. The time is 2045. LD2811183294 Moscow ITAR-TASS World Service in Russian 1729 GMT 28 Nov 94 Rybkin: Yeltsin Will Take Adequate Steps in echnya [By ITAR-TASS correspondent Mikhail Shevtsov] LD2811210794 Moscow INTERFAX in English 1941 [FBIS Translated Text] Moscow, 28 Nov—The interior GMT 28 Nov 94 troops of the Russian Interior Ministry maintaining the state of emergency on part of the North Ossetia and [FBIS Transcribed Text] Russian State Duma Chairman Ingush territories are not taking part in the Chechen Ivan Rybkin said that the Chechen Republic had been events, a spokesman for their command in the town of and would remain part of the Russian Federation and so Mozdok (North Ossetia) who wished to remain anony- speaking of Russia’s interference in the Chechen conflict mous told ITAR-TASS today. would be fallacious. He denied the reports by Groznyy officials that in He explained that a military intervention in Chechnya Mozdok echelons carrying tanks were allegedly being was in the competence of the Russian president as the unloaded, and that the special detachment “Vityaz” was guarantor of the Constitution who would take adequate being sent to be used in Chechnya. steps, when necessary. At the Public Relations Center of the Russian Interior Rybkin believed that the parties in the conflict had to Ministry ITAR-TASS was told that the special detach- come to an agreement peacefully while the peace process ment “Vityaz” had been fulfilling the task of main- in Chechnya had to culminate in democratic general taining the state of emergency oa the territories of North elections. He said that the Chechen Council of Elders Ossetia and Ingushetia for a long 1ime. The ITAR-TASS could be helpful in restoring peace there. correspondent has learned that, under the law on the This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 RUSSIA NATIONAL AFFAIRS 41 Ministry of Interior interior Troops, the information on [FBIS Translated Text] Moscow, 29 Nov—Russian Pres- their specific tasks, movements, and bases are not sub- ident Boris Yeltsin appealed today to all the participants ject to circulation in the media. in the armed confrontation in the Chechen republic with a warning and a demand that, from the moment of the Last night, Anatoliy Shkirko, deputy commander in appeal, they have 48 hours to declare a cease-fire, lay chief of the Russian interior troops, told ITAR-TASS down their arms, disband all the armed formations, and that not a single serviceman, not a single armored vehicle release all the citizens who have been captured and are of the interior troops had entered Chechnya. being detained by force. Official Says Talks May Begin With Chechnya on If this demand is not met by the set deadline, it says in POWs the presidential appeal handed to ITAR-TASS today, “a LD2811221594 Moscow ITAR-TASS in English 2158 state of emergency will be introduced on the territory of GMT 28 Nov 94 the Chechen republic, and all the forces and means at the disposal of the state will be used to put a stop to the [By ITAR-TASS correspondent Tamara Zamyatina] bloodshed, to protect the life, rights, and freedoms of [FBIS Transcribed Text] Moscow November 29 TASS— Russian citizens, and to restore constitutional legality, Russia may begin talks with official Chechen authorities law and order, and peace in the Chechen republic.” to exchange the Russians captured by Chechen govern- In the appeal, Yeltsin stresses that “the hope of an ment troops for Chechen president Dzhokhar Dudayev’s independent solution to the internal Chechen conflict supporters held by the opposition, a high-ranking official has been completely exhausted. The situation is in the Kremlin told ITAR-TASS on Monday. acquiring the nature of one that is extremely dangerous The announcement followed a closed-door session of the for stability and peace in our society and for the vitally Russian Government earlier today to discuss the fate of important interests and national security of Russia.” Russian prisoners of war in the break-away Chechen Republic. Yeltsin, Council Discuss State of Emergency in The Russian president’s administration officials denied Chechnya that the prisoners of war are Russian Army servicemen MK2911114094 Moscow SEGODNYA in Russian 29 and called them “‘mercenaries.” Nov 94 p 1 Official Chechen authorities said that there are at least [Report by Sergey Parkhomenko under the “Crisis” “20 Russian Army servicemen” among the captured rubric: “Federal Authorities Do Not Rule Out Imposi- soldiers, adding that they would hand over the list to the tion of State of Emergency in Chechnya. Duma Defense Russian side. Committee Negotiates Captured Russian Servicemen’s The Russian Security Council and the Defence Ministry Future With Dudayev”’] refused to comment on these reports. However, the [FBIS Translated Text] A group of Russian Federation Defence Ministry said that “the information will be Security Council permanent members gathered in the checked very thoroughly. The results will be made Kremlin yesterday evening for an emergency meeting public.” chaired by President Boris Yeltsin devoted to the devel- Chechen President Dzhokhar Dudayev said that the opment of the crisis in the Chechen Republic. Taking Russian soldiers captured by Chechen government part in the discussion were Pavel Grachev, Viktor Yerin, troops last Saturday are unlikely to be executed. Sergey Stepashin, and Yevgeniy Primakov, heads of federal “‘power bloc’ departments; Oleg Lobov, Russian Speaking at a news conference in Groznyy on Monday, Federation Security Council secretary; Vladimir Shum- Dudayev said that they will be tried by law, adding that eyko, Federation Council chairman; and Yuriy Baturin, “the Chechen people know what a humane treatment of the president’s national security aide. Government head prisoners of war is.” Viktor Chernomyrdin and Vice Premier Sergey Sha- At the same time, he stressed that the captured Chechens khray (who is still in charge of national-state problems will be “tried by the laws of Shariat (Islamic law).” although the “Chechen question” was withdrawn from his competence recently) were absent from the confer- Dudayev noted that he has no intention to “surrender ence, which perhaps deprived it of the official status of a his positions” and that “600 supporters have already Security Council full session. arrived in the republic from Daghestan, and the Kabar- dino-Balkar and Karachay-Cherkess republics.” Information on the contents of the discussion and deci- sions made as a result is very scarce. The backdrop Yeltsin Threatens State of Emergency in against which yesterday’s conference was held, however, Chechnya compels some conclusions. LD2911033194 Moscow ITAR-TASS World Service in Russian 0300 GMT 29 Nov 94 Let us note first of all that reliable sources in the Kremlin say that the presidential staff has allegedly drafted Boris [By ITAR-TASS correspondent] Yeltsin’s edict imposing a state of emergency on the This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 42 RUSSIA NATIONAL AFFAIRS 29 November 1994 entire territory of Chechnya. The Russian Federation the calls of the Russian and world public have not Constitution grants the head of state the right to decide succeeded in stopping the internal conflict in Chechnya. independently on the imposition of such a regime in a The scale of the conflict is broadening; the fierceness of separate component of the Russian Federation “with an the armed clashes is increasing. The confronting sides immediate notification about this to the Federation are attracting mercenaries to take part in the armed Council and the State Duma.” Importantly, this decision actions, including mercenaries from foreign states. shall enter into force immediately and shall remain in force (as the “‘pre-constitutional” but still not unrepealed Through the fault of irresponsible politicians, due to State of Emergency Law specifies) for three days. The their self-seeking interests and insatiable ambitions, extension of the emergency situation regime calls for an absolutely innocent people are perishing. The number of approval of the edict by the upper chamber of parlia- orphans is multiplying. The constitutional rights and ment, but within 72 hours Russian tanks, if one is to freedoms of citizens are being trampled. Thousands of believe Pavel Grachev’s well- known claim, can equally hapless people are being turned into refugees, are being reach either the English Channel or the Caspian Sea. deprived of a roof over their heads, and are being forced to leave the graves of their ancestors. Grief, suffering, In the meantime, high officials in the Federation Council fear in the face of excessive crimes, and unbridled asserted yesterday that the chamber will quite probably banditry are poisoning the life of the Chechen people convene for its sitting as early as 30 November, not 6 and their neighbors. December as scheduled, and take up a discussion of developments in Chechnya. Security Council Deputy The hope of an independent solution to the internal Chairman Valerian Viktorov described in detail, in an Chechen conflict has been completely exhausted. The ITAR-TASS interview, the procedure the senate would situation is acquiring a nature that is extremely dan- have to resort to should the president sign the state of gerous for stability and peace in our society and for the emergency edict after all, while he did not rule out this vitally important interests and national security of eventuality on the whole. Russia. Neither did the State Duma stand aloof from the crisis in The entire responsibility for Chechnya’s fate, for the life the Chechen Republic. Duma Defense Committee head and health of all its citizens, lies with me, the president of Sergey Yushenkov, in particular, succeeded in getting Russia. Expressing the will of our multinational people, the leader of the Chechen Republic to talk with him on and in accordance with the powers vested in me by the the phone yesterday evening. According to him, General Constitution of the Russian Federation, by Article 7 of Duaayev promised to provide, in the shortest time the law “On the State of Emergency.” I appeal to all the possible, the complete list of Russian servicemen taken participants in the armed confrontation in the Chechen prisoner by troops loyal to him. “From the general tenor Republic with a warning and a demand that, from the of the conversation,” Mr. Yushenkov told your SEG- moment of my appeal, they have 48 hours to declare a ODNYA correspondent, “it became clear to me that cease-fire, lay down their arms, disband all armed for- nothing threatens the prisoners’ lives at least until our mations, and release all the citizens who have been committee makes sure how and under whose orders captured and are being detained by force. these people appeared in Chechnya.” If this demand is not met by the set deadline, a state of emergency will be introduced on the territory of the ‘Text’ of Yeltsin Appeal on Chechnya Chechen republic, and all the forces and means at the LD2911042694 Moscow ITAR-TASS World Service in disposal of the state will be used to put a stop to the Russian 0310 GMT 29 Nov 94 bloodshed, to protect the life, rights, and freedoms of Russian citizens, and to restore constitutional legality, [By ITAR-TASS] law and order, and peace in the Chechen republic. [FBIS Translated Text] Moscow, 29 Nov—Russian Pres- [signed] B. Yeltsin, president of the Russian Federation ident Boris Yeltsin has appealed today to the partici- pants in the armed conflict in the Chechen republic. Mothers of Soldiers Captured in Chechnya Appeal Below follows the text of the appeal that was conveyed to to Rybkin ITAR-TASS: LD2911090994 Moscow 2x2 Television in Russian 0730 Appeal of the President of the Russian Federation to the GMT 29 Nov 94 Participants in the Armed Conflict in the Chechen [FBIS Translated Text] Eighteen mothers of Russian Republic. servicemen captured during the opposition onslaught on Groznyy have sent a telegram to Ivan Rybkin, Gennadiy Blood is being shed in the ancient land of the Caucasus, which is an inseparable part of our fatherland. Zyuganov, and Vladimir Zhirinovskiy. It says that among the prisoners shown on television they saw their Despite all of the efforts of the federal bodies of state sons and those serving with them. They are not volun- power, of the elders who hold authority in the Northern teers, the mothers say. The government and the presi- Caucasus, and of the leaders of the peoples living there, dent refuse to acknowledge the fact that Russian troops This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 RUSSIA NATIONAL AFFAIRS 43 are involved in the war with Chechnya, and will prob- Military To Supervise Surrender of Chechen ably refuse to acknowledge the POW’s. We beg you to Weapons save our sons, the telegram says. LD2911131394 Moscow Radio Rossii Network in Russian 1200 GMT 29 Nov 94 Chechen Government Emergency Sitting Views [FBIS Translated Text] Troops of the North Caucasus Yeltsin Appeal Military District are ready to supervise the surrender LD2911101794 Moscow Radio Rossii Network in and storage of weapons and military hardware by the Russian 1000 GMT 29 Nov 94 antagonists in Chechnya if they voluntarily lay down their arms, Lieutenant-General (Vladimir Potapov), the [FBIS Translated Text] The Government of Chechnya is district’s chief of staff, told INTERFAX on the phone holding an emergency sitting at which recommendations from Rostov-on-Don. He said that so far there have been to Dzhokhar Dudayev and common views on the issue of no instructions from the Ministry of Defense in connec- further actions in connection with Boris Yeltsin’s tion with the appeal by President Yeltsin to the sides in address are to be worked out. According to Interfax the Chechen conflict. sources in the Chechen capital, some members of the republic’s government believe that a compromise should Dudayev Rally Considers Yeltsin Appeal be reached with Moscow and the possibility of signing ‘Declaration of War’ the Federation Treaty should be examined. Others are LD2911110794 Moscow ITAR-TASS in English 1053 intent on continuing the war. GMT 29 Nov 94 [By ITAR-TASS correspondent Sharip Asuyev] Chernomyrdin, Rybkin Discuss Chechnya [FBIS Transcribed Text] Groznyy November 29 TASS— LD2911121194 Moscow ITAR-TASS World Service in Chechen President Dzhokhar Dudayev is currently Russian 1118 GMT 29 Nov 94 holding a meeting with the government of his rebel republic apparently in order to consider an official [By ITAR-TASS parliamentary correspondent Pavel response to the ultimatum issued by Russian President Kuznetsov] Boris Yeltsin. {[FBIS Translated Text] Moscow, 29 Nov (ITAR- TASS learned from informed sources that Dudayev has TASS)—Russian Government Chairman Viktor Cher- just arrived to his palace to hold a meeting with repub- nomyrdin had a meeting today with State Duma Speaker lican leaders. Ivan Rybkin, Viktor Cheremukhin, head of the State In the meantime, several thousands of Dudayev’s sup- Duma press service, told the ITAR-TASS correspondent porters are rallying in front of the palace. They qualify today. He said that it was a one-to-one meeting which Yeltsin’s ultimatum as “a declaration of war to Chech- lasted more than an hour. A very broad range of issues nya.” relating to the socioeconomic situation in the country On Tuesday morning Yeltsin issued an ultimatum to the was discussed. Matters relating to recent events in warring Chechen sides ordering them to lay down arms Chechnya were also discussed. in 48 hours and otherwise threatening to impose a state of emergency on Chechnya. Kozyrev: ‘Necessary Decision’ on Chechnya Today Noncombatants Evacuated From Groznyy; Arms LD2911131594 Moscow ITAR-TASS World Service in Issued Russian 1230 GMT 29 Nov 94 LD2911113894 Moscow ITAR-TASS in English 1122 [By ITAR-TASS diplomatic correspondent] GMT 29 Nov 94 [By ITAR-TASS correspondent Sharip Asuyev] [FBIS Translated Text] Moscow, 29 Nov—Russian For- eign Affairs Minister Andrey Kozyrev has described the [FBIS Transcribed Text] Groznyy November 29 TASS— “Chechen problem” as Russia’s internal affair. At a news Children, women and elderly people are being evacuated conference at the end of talks with his Canadian col- from the Chechen capita! of Groznyy to nearby villages. league Andre Ouellet in Moscow today, he said: ““Chech- At the same time rural residents are being armed to fight nya is Russia’s internal affair and we do not discuss it on Dudayev’s side, according to reports reaching with our international partners.” The minister expressed Groznyy. t+e opinion that “the necessary decision” will be made at No official response from the Chechen leadership to today’s meeting of the Security Council of the Russian President Boris Yeltsin’s ultimatum has been available Federation on settling the situation in Chechnya. yet. This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 44 RUSSIA NATIONAL AFFAIRS 29 November 1994 According to a source in the Chechen communications supporters of Dzhokhar Dudayev has been held since department, Moscow has announced that all communi- Tuesday [29 November] morning, a CHECHENPRESS cations with Chechnya will be cut off at 2.p.m. Moscow news agency staff member told ITAR-TASS by telephone. time (11.00 GMT) today. The airport was also bombed. One of the attacking Jets Reportedly Bomb Downtown Groznyy, Airport planes was shot down and fell near the airport. LD2911125294 Moscow ITAR-TASS in English 1244 Duslayev’s press conference was being heid in the presi- GMT 29 Nov 94 dential palace during the air attack. [FBIS Transcribed Text] Moscow November 29 TASS— At 15.10 Moscow time (12.10 GMT), four jet planes There is destruction in the city but nothing was imme- bombed and rocketed downtown Groznyy, where a rally of diately known about any loss of life. This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 UKRAINE 45 International Affairs in former Yugoslavia unless air strikes against the Bosnian Serbs were stopped. Kuchma Calls For NATO To End Serb Bombing At a news conference in Kiev on Monday, Kuchma said: AU2811195994 Paris AFP in English 1940 GMT 28 “If our contingent there is treated with disrespect there'll Nov 94 be no reason for us to send our soldiers there.” He said he had ordered the Foreign Ministry to draw up [FBIS Transcribed Text] Kiev, Nov 28 (AFP)— proposals on what moves Ukraine should make if air Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma said Monday [28 strikes continued. November] that Kiev envisaged withdrawing its troops in former Yugoslavia if NATO continued with airstrikes in the region. Kuchma, Yeltsin Discuss Friendship Treaty LD2811172494 Moscow ITAR-TASS in English 1609 Kuchma told reporters he had asked his foreign and GMT 28 Nov 94 defence ministries to “prepare an official position” if “the bombing of Serb positions” by North Atlantic [By UKRINFORM correspondents Viktor Demidenko Treaty Organisation aircraft continued. and Mikhail Melnik] “If our contingent over there is not treated with respect, {[FBIS Transcribed Text] Kiev November 28 TASS— we don’t have to send our soldiers there,” he added. Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma had a telephone conversation with his Russian counterpart Boris Yeltsin Ukraine has deployed some 1,200 troops in the former on Monday and said that “understanding was reached Yugoslavia, many of whom are stationed in the Bosnian practically on all issues” of the bilateral friendship treaty capital Sarajevo. which is to be signed between the two major Slavic states Kuchma underlined Kiev was at one with Moscow on of the former Soviet Union. how the conflict should be resolved. “Ukraine and Russia are calmly and normally working Russia has repeatedly expressed disquiet about NATO’s on the treaty. Neither Ukraine nor Russia are interested recourse to airstrikes and Foreign Minister Andrey in whipping up mistrust and tensions between the two Kozyrev said Sunday he would soon be unveiling a “new great Slavic states and historic neighbours”, Kuchma initiative” aimed at solving the Bosnian conflict. He said told a press conference commenting on the conversation his plan involved “‘a general halt to hostilities in the with Yeltsin. whole of Bosnia.” Ukraine “does everything to sign a large-scale friendship Turning to the Ukraine parliament’s recent conditional and cooperation treaty with Russia as soon as possible”, ratification of the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Kuchma stressed. Kuchma said his country would attend the upcoming He said the Russian president confirmed that the treaty Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe would be signed in Kiev and in the near future. meeting in Budapest “as a non-nuclear country.” The CSCE meets in the Hungarian capital on December Kuchma on U.S. Cooperation, Russian Gas 5 and 6 with Kiev having agreed to transfer its share of Supplies the Soviet-era nuclear arsenal to Russia following a LD2811192094 Kiev UNIAN in Ukrainian 1700 GMT tripartite accord last January with Moscow and Wash- 28 Nov 94 ington. [FBIS Translated Text] Kiev [no dateline as received}— Kuchma said the “essential” aim of the CSCE confer- The state visit to the U.S. began a qualitatively new era ence would be the signature by nuclear states of a treaty in Ukrainian-U.S. relations, and opened the way for a “granting Ukraine security guarantees.” reorientation of economic cooperation, said Ukraine’s President Leonid Kuchma on today at a briefing dedi- Those guarantees are an outstanding condition by the cated to the results of his trip to the United States. Kiev parliament for final acceptance of the Non- Proliferation Treaty. Leonid Kuchma said that he was preparing to form an investment center through which all funds invested in Ukraine by other states would be channelled. Threatens To Withdraw Troops LD2811201194 Moscow INTERFAX in English 1850 Commenting on his own announcement made at the first GMT 28 Nov 94 meeting of the Constitutional Commission today about the suspension of gas deliveries from Russia, Leonid [FBIS Transcribed Text] President Leonid Kuchma has Kuchma confirmed that as of today they had been expressed approval of Russian Foreign Minister Andrey suspended by more than 50 percent. But Kuchma said Kozyrev’s warning that Russia would withdraw its the fault was “not Russia’s but the passivity of our troops from the U.N. Protection Force (UNPROFOR) officials.” Leonid Kuchma said that two weeks ago a This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 46 UKRAINE 29 November 1994 telegram was sent from Russia to the government that which other CIS states used the intellectual blueprints to stated that the agreement between Russia and Ukraine adopt their own constitutions. on gas deliveries had expired, and that it was necessary to conclude a new one. Leonid Kuchma stressed that the state needs civic accord, the first step toward which must be “a mutual Kuchma said the main issue that will be discussed during agreement between power structures for the transitional the Ukrainian governmental delegation’s visit to period—a law on power,” to lay the basis for the new Moscow, which is headed by Prime Minister Vitaliy constitution. This law, according to the president, will Masol, should be an agreement on gas deliveries to rid Ukraine of its constitutional chaos. Ukraine. Oleksandr Moroz, cochairman of the Constitutional Leonid Kuchma confirmed that if the Supreme Council Commission and Ukraine’s Supreme Council chairman, failed to adopt the law on power it is possible that it while not denying the need to adopt a law on power, could be put to a referendum. stressed that the law should not replace the existing clauses of Ukraine’s constitution. According to Moroz, Gas Deliveries End, Prices Rise the Constitutional Commission must analyze all positive proposals forwarded by parties and academics on the LD2811144194 Kiev UNIAN in Ukrainian 1240 GMT 28 Nov 94 basis of the draft constitution of 26 October 1993 and submit the final version of the document to the Supreme Council. [By UNIAN correspondents Svitlana Korotych and Alla Yeremenko] During the discussion, members of the Constitutional Commission Oleksandr Yemets, Serhiy Holovatyy, Vol- {[FBIS Translated Text] Kiev [dateline as received]— odymyr Hrynyov, and Oleksandr Karpov favored the Russia suspended its gas deliveries to Ukraine on 26 idea of adopting the law on power “for the sake of November on the grounds that Ukraine had used up its restoring legal order in the state.” annual quota for gas supplies. The Russian state com- pany Gazprom is offering to resume gas supplies to Serhiy Holovatyy believes that it is also necessary to sign Ukraine at $80 per 1,000 cubic meters, instead of $50 a constitutional agreement between the three power per 1,000 cubic meters as before. Gas industry experts structures for the period until the new constitution is believe that the price of Russian gas for Ukraine should ready, stipulating that the law will take supremacy over not exceed $60 per 1,000 cubic meters. The terms of gas the current constitution. payment will be set out in a new agreement on fuel deliveries for the rest of 1994 and 1995 to be negotiated Left-wing deputies on the Constitutional Commission in Moscow by a Ukrainian delegation led by Prime expressed a different view. They believe that the current Minister Vitaliy Masol. constitution should be preserved in an amended form, while contentional issues should be put to a referendum. Turkmenistan has not yet resumed its gas deliveries, These are issues concerning the social system, social suspended on 10 November, due to a pipeline accident rights, state symbols, and the power structure in on the Russian border, according to the Turkmen side. Ukraine. The left-wing members expressed opposition to the law on power which the president will soon submit to Ukraine has 15 billion cubic meters of gas in its own the Supreme Council. underground gas holders. UNIAN has been informed that the supply of gas to Ukrainian consumers has not been reduced. Ukraine is also using some of the Russian Parliament Forms Working Groups gas exports to Western Europe. LD2811215394 Moscow INTERFAX in English 1941 GMT 28 Nov 94 National Affairs {[FBIS Transcribed Text] By March 1995 the Ukrainian parliament is to get the draft of the new constitution, the Kuchma, Moroz Differ on New Constitution secretary of the Constitutional Commission Albert Kor- LD2811160794 Kiev UNIAN in Ukrainian 1240 GMT neyev told the Kiev press Monday. 28 Nov 94 He said the private part of the session of the commission [FBIS Translated Text] Kiev [No date as received]— Monday approved regulations giving the commission a “Delaying the adoption of a new constitution is an national status. unjustified political mistake for which the president, the Korneyev said seven groups were formed to deal with the Constitutional Commission, and the Supreme Council seven sections of the constitutional draft in the wording will all be called to account,” said President Leonid of October 1993. Kuchma, who co-chairs the Constitutional Commission, addressing its first organizational meeting today. He The commission approved a plan of action in keeping noted the indifference to the constitutional problems on with which its members are to study the acting constitu- the part of Ukraine’s previous government, as a result of tions of France, Italy, Russia and Belarus as well as This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 UKRAINE 47 versions of the Ukrainian constitution drafted by dif- eastern and western borders of Ukraine and the restora- ferent parties and movements. tion of [Soviet] monuments and street names. Communists Oppose Kuchma’s ‘Active Capitalism’ The plenum appointed a delegation to the Second Con- gress of the Peoples of the USSR. LD2811164194 Moscow ITAR-TASS World Service in Russian 1518 GMT 28 Nov 94 President Signs Business Cooperation Fund [By Ukrinform correspondent Aleksandr Litvinov for Decree ITAR-TASS] LD2811220694 Kiev Radio Ukraine World Service in Ukrainian 1700 GMT 28 Nov 94 {[FBIS Translated Text] Kiev, 28 Nov (TASS)— Ukrainian communists have stated that they are going [FBIS Translated Text] A Ukrainian presidential decree over to opposition to the present leadership of the on the Business Cooperation Fund—Ukrayina has been country in connection with President Kuchma’s “active made public. In particular it states: policy to make the country capitalist.” Such a decision was adopted at a joint plenum of the Central Committee With the aim of promoting radical economic reform in and the Central Control Commission of the Communist Ukraine; creating an effective mechanism of interaction Party of Ukraine which ended here. The Communist between the state and private sectors of the economy and Party of Ukraine came out in favor of preserving the between productive, banking, and private capital; max- Soviet system in Ukraine against “the extortion of priva- imizing conditions for the organizational restructuring tization” and the whipping up of nationalism in the of the economy; supporting innovation programs, and country. expanding progressive experiences in economic reforms and in accordance with Ukraine’s Constitution, I Plans For Party Congress in March resolve: LD2811134394 Kiev UNIAN in Ukrainian 0945 GMT To support the initiative of Ukraine’s Ministry of For- 28 Nov 94 eign Economic Relations, Ukraine’s Ministry of Justice, Ukraine’s National Space Agency, the Academy of Med- {[FBIS Translated Text] Kiev [No date as received}—A ical Sciences, the “Prominvestbank” and “*Pryvatbank” plenary meeting of Ukraine’s Communist Party [CPU] commercial banks, and the joint stock bank “‘Ukrsots- Central Committee 26 November decided to postpone bank,” to form a charitable fund, the Business Cooper- the next party congress from January to March 1995. An ation Fund—-Ukrayina, having established a special reg- 80-page proposed draft program of the CPU, to be ulation for its formation. adopted at the congress, was dismissed by a group of Communists as “too long.” According to one of the To establish that the fund’s resources are formed at the delegates, several alternative drafts will be considered in expense of charitable donations and voluntary contribu- the near future. These, he believes, will be more radical: tions by physical and corporate bodies and also other “There are many who cannot accept the absence in the incomes received on grounds that are not prohibited by given draft of a clause on a strict planned economy and Ukrainian legislation. the excessive independence of labor collectives it pro- poses.” Until the issue of taxing the charitable activities has been resolved in the relevant legislative act, the fund will be Apart from the party program, the communist congress exempt from paying taxes, levies, and other obligatory will approve amendments to the statute, elect a new payments to the budget and contributions to state tar- central committee and central control commission, and geted funds. The fund’s incomes in foreign currencies are hear reports from the party’s governing bodies. not subject to compulsory sale while taxed income, profits, and receipts from sales are reduced by the sum The 26 November plenum adopted a decision to oppose contributed by the business to the fund on condition that the Ukrainian president’s policy of “‘accelerated capital- the fund uses these incomes for charitable purposes. ization of Ukraine”. The communists came out in favor of an all-Ukrainian referendum on the main points of the To appoint Ihor Pluzhnykov the head of the Business Ukrainian constitution: Ukraine’s social and political Cooperation Fund—Ukrayina and Volodymyr Horbu- system, private ownership of land, executive authorities lin, the head of the fund’s supervisory council. including presidency, and state symbols. The communists adopted a statement expressing soli- EU Takes Control of Two Nuclear Power Plants darity with the people of Serbia and urging to “stop the LD2811123494 Moscow ITAR-TASS in English 1154 aggressors before too late.” The statement was proposed GMT 28 Nov 94 by Borys Oliynyk, chairman of the Supreme Council Commission for Foreign and CIS Affairs. [By ITAR-TASS correspondent Galina Nekrasova] To mark the 50th anniversary of the victory in World [FBIS Transcribed Text] Lvov November 28 TASS— War II, the communists called for a human chain to link Two out of five operating nuclear power plants in This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the cupyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 48 UKRAINE 29 November 1994 Ukraine—the Rovno nuclear plant, the closest to the Talks with foreign partners on completing new nuclear western border, and the Zaporozhye station, the biggest reactors at the Rivne, Zaporizhia and Khmelnitskiy in the Republic, will be placed under the control of the plants, as well as erecting the “Shelter-2” protective European Union [EU]. coating over the fourth reactor at Chernobyl, are pro- gressing at a snail’s pace, said Umanets. An analysis of the environment will be conducted at the stations, while a system of monitoring and early radia- Ukraine’s purchases of spare parts and nuclear fuel in tion warning will ensure independent control in the Russia and the Western countries requires US$52 and 30-kilometer zone. The programme was worked out by US3$300 million for fuel annually, staggering sums for a the German Nerman firm and will be financed from the country with almost no official currency reserves. EU funds. Although currently Germany and France are providing training for personnel at Ukrainian plants, “this assis- tance is not likely to resolve the problems of our nuclear Official on Industry Problems, Accidents energy industry,” the nuclear boss said. WS2811135594 Kiev INTELNEWS in English 2345 GMT 25 Nov 94 Umanets said a law specifying the sources of funds for compensation of nuclear damages has been submitted to [FBIS Transcribed Text] An absence of laws assigr..ng parliament and that the Committee is hoping fura responsibility for damage resulting from accidents at by the end of the year. nuclear installations is reportedly impeding cooperation Cossacks Intend To Remain Neutral in Crimea between the State Nuclear Energy Committee and for- eign technology companies. LD2811211394 Moscow INTERFAX in English 1850 GMT 28 Nov 94 According to Committee Chair Mykhayio Umanets, the [FBIS Transcribed Text] If a conflict breaks out in acquisition of up-to-date technologies and equipment is Crimea Crimean Cossacks intend to take a neutral crucial if Ukraine is to produce ‘ts own nuclear fuel, and stance, the head of the Council of Elders of Crimean service its own power plants. Cossacks Mitrofan Popov told Interfax-Ukraine. Umanets complained that despite a high profile deal The closest task of Crimean Cossacks is to speed up the between Ukraine’s Khartron defense enterprise and adoption of laws on the rehabilitation and on the status Westinghouse of the United States on developing com- of Cossacks. puter systems for nuclear power plants, “not a single The leader of Pamyat organization (Russia) Dmitry piece of equipment has actually been provided to Vasilyev who attended an assembly of Crimean Cossacks Ukraine.” called the peninsula primordial Russian land in an Several other cooperative projects have been frozen, interview. “International Zionism in the »erson of tran- including a US$66 million technical aid package from snational business is artificially creating comitions for the European Commission’s TACIS program, US$30 the separation of the brotherly peoples of Ukraine and million aid from the U.S. Government, and US$20 Russia,” he declared. million in German aid to enhance the safety level of the Valery Kobzar was elected the leader of Crimean Cos- Rivne nuclear plant. sacks at the first assembly in Simferopol Sunday. This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 WESTERN REGION 49 Belarus was due to the difference in prices for food in Belarus on one hand and in Russia, Ukraine and the Baltic states on the other hand. Lukashenka on Price Controls, Social Benefits LD2811193394 Moscow INTERFAX in English 1627 Chyhir cited the CIS Statistical Committee saying that GMT 28 Nov 94 prices for meat and meat products were two or three times cheaper in Belarus than in other CIS republics. He [From the “Presidential Bulletin” feature: compiled by said if individuals continued to export so much food this Nikolay Zherebtsov and Andrey Petrovskiy; edited by could affect supply of the people with food during the Vladimir Shishlin] winter. Chyhir said the state budget could not afford to subsidize [FBIS Transcribed Text] President Alyaksandr Lukash- food products for the population. The government enka made public a statement Saturday explaining his already granted 35 billion of rubles for subsidies for recent decree on restoring the prices of early November. tariffs on heating. The government also intends to assign According to the statement, the price liberalization had 46 billion rubles for subsidizing transport tariffs and 21 not been balanced with social protection steps and so the billion rubles for making fuel cheaper for the population, prices outpaced the incomes dramatically. Chyhir said. Lukashenka said in the statement that his decision Commenting on the decision of Russia to halve gas imposing a measure of price control for certain food- delivery to Belarus because of the debt of Minsk for gas, stuffs and introducing social support of most affected Chyhir said the bilateral talks on the governmental level strata of population did not imply a strategic retreat in Moscow were a success. He said as a result of the talks from the principle of free pricing or the market reform. gas delivery to Belarus would be increased to 90 percent According to the president, he ordered the government of the contractual terms if Belarus paid 100 percent of to pay social benefits to the poorest population strata so gas’ price in advance and worked out a precise schedule as to be able to resume a consistent policy of price for the debt’s payment. liberalization as early as next December. He recalled success scored by his program of urgent U.S., Minsk Work Out Agricultural Deal anti-crisis steps such as liberalization of foreign trade, WS$2911110094 Minsk RESPUBLIKA in Russian lifting most government subsidies of goods and services, 26 Nov 94 p 1 restoration of budget controllability, reduction of debts to western donors and energy saving. [Report by the press service of the Belarusian Cabinet of IF [Interfax] Note: The budget revenue in the first Ministers] twenty days of November increased by 179 percent on {[FBIS Translated Text] The Cabinet of Ministers of the the same period in 1993 while the spending increased Republic of Belarus has issued a directive on signing an only by 102 percent. The crediting of the budget deficit agreement between the Belarusian Ministry of Agricul- also fell dramatically. As little as 50 billion rubles were ture and Foodstuffs and the U.S. Department of Agri- granted as credits while 170 billion had been earmarked culture. The agreement envisions granting Belarus a for crediting. $10-million credit for the purchase of ground soy beans ($7 million) and fodder corn ($3 million), including the Lukashenka admitted, however, that the creation of a cost of transport. competitive market environment, privatization and jTo- duction demonopolization, foreign trade liberalization The directive authorizes S.N. Martynow, extraordinary and introduction of a bankruptcy mechanism proceeded and plenipotentiary ambassador of the Republic of too slowly. Belarus to the United States, to sign the agreement on behalf of the Ministry of Agriculture and Foodstuffs of Chyhir Cites CIS Committee in Food Price Rise the Republic of Belarus. LD2811220594 Moscow INTERFAX in English 1941 GMT 28 Nov 94 Duma Ratifies Minsk, Moscow Troop Treaty WS2811135694 Minsk Radio Minsk Network in [FBIS Transcribed Text] The Belarussian [Belarusian] Belarusian 1300 GMT 28 Nov 94 Government told the president about its initiative to raise prices for vital food products, Belarussian Premier [FBIS Translated Text] The Russian State Duma has Mikhail Chyhir said at a press conference in Minsk ratified the treaty concluded by the Russian and Belaru- today. sian Governments on the status of Russian military formations temporarily stationed on Belarusian terri- Chyhir said the government had to discuss such a tory, as well as the agreement on the status of Russian measure as a result of mass export of food by individuals military formations and the composition of the strategic from Belarus to the neighboring republics. He said this forces temporarily stationed in Belarus. The treaty was This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 50 WESTERN REGION 29 November 1994 drafted in 1992-93 considering the political, economic, “We dispose of information that certain interested forces and military situation, as well as the main trends in the in Moscow are seeking to send the already signed inter- development of Belarus. governmental agreement for ratification to the State Duma, with a view to eventually blockade the document. Defense Minister Ceases Many Research Projects That is exactly why we asked in Washington for imposing an international control over the realization of MM2911094694 Moscow KRASNAYA ZVEZDA in the army’s withdrawal agreement,” the deputy Mold- Russian 26 Nov 94 p 3 ovan speaker said. [Report by Valeriy Kovalev: “Belorussia Unable To Moldova is speaking not for the removal of Lieutenant Develop Its Own Weapons”’] General Lebed or the Army staff, but of its armaments and machinery. “As for the military staff, the officers [FBIS Translated Text] Minsk—Colonel General Kos- could be enlisted to the National Army in case they agree tenko, Belorussia’s [Belarus] new defense minister, has to take an oath of allegiance and perform their duties revised the program for defense research and experi- honestly,” Andronic emphasized. mental design work adopted previously. Owing to the military department’s acute lack of funds, the over- whelming majority of the projects have been axed on his On NATO, Moldovan Neutrality orders. AU2811175194 Chisinau INFOTAG in English 1930 The minister said that Belorussia does not have the GMT 25 Nov 94 production base to manufacture arms and combat hard- ware and the republic is simply unable to develop it in {FBIS Transcribed Text] Chisinau INFOTAG, 25/ 11/1994—The deputy chairman of the Moldovan parlia- the current conditions. Admittedly, he added, the Defense Ministry is currently formulating a plan to ment, Nicolae Andronic, does not rule out a possibility provide the Belorussian Army with technical support of Moldova’s joining the NATO. through the year 2005. However, this program is geared He said at today’s news conference that this issue could mainly to arms procurements, mainly from Russia, and be considered in perspective. not to developing its own military production. “So far, Moldova did not sign the CIS collective security treaty, thus having spoken for bilateral cooperation with Moldova all states. We participate in the ’Partnership for Peace“ progra nme, and must fulfill our commitments under it. Andronic Returns From UN, Discusses Options And ti. »e will show if it makes sense to join NATO,” he AU2811175094 Chisinau INFOTAG in English 1930 pointeo out. GMT 25 Nov 94 The number of NATO member countries tends to ([FBIS Transcribed Text] Chisinau INFOTAG, 25/ increase, he said, but Moldova should take into account 11/1994—At the session of the UN General Assembly, the existing balance of opinions in the society, when Moldova spoke for bringing international peacekeeping some people urge to join the North-Atlantic Pact, and forces to Dniester, Nicolae Andronic, Moldovan parlia- others are objecting. mentary delegation leader at the session, said to journal- “Do not forget: We have fixed neutrality in our Consti- ists today, upon his return from Washington. tution, having declared our non-participation in mili- In bis speech at the UN forum, Andronic motivated this tary-political blocs. Therefore, should a necessity arise to stance by the danger of a possible aggravation of the join NATO or other blocs, appropriate referendums may situation in Dniester. be required,” Nicolae Andronic said. “After Russia has unilaterally decided to reduce its peacekeeping contingent in the region, such a danger International Peacekeepers in Dniester does exist. We are not blaming the Russian Federation, LD2811213794 Moscow ITAR-TASS in English 1954 who fulfilled its commitments honestly at the first stage GMT 28 Nov 94 of the conflict settlement. But now the situation is changing, aid not for the better. It is possible that, by [By ITAR-TASS correspondent Valeriy Demidetskiy] having decided to reduce its contingent here, Russia wants to repeat the known situation in Georgia, when {FBIS Transcribed Text] Kishinyov [Chisinau] things worsened there, and the local authorities appealed November 28—Moldavia [Moldova] has called for to the Russian Army for help,” Andronic said. sending international peace-keeping troops to the break- away Dniester region. He expressed an apprehension that if Russia succeeds in attracting its 14th Army as a peacekeeping force, then Speaking at a session of the North Atlantic Assembly on the agreement on its withdrawal from the region will Monday, Nikolae Andronic, head of the Moldavian remain unfulfilled. delegation, said that “there is a real threat that the This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 WESTERN REGION 51 situation in the Dniester region may worsen, following While favoring cooperation with European countries the Russia’s unilateral cuts in its peace-keeping contingent president spoke of the need for economic cooperation there.” within the CIS, especially keeping the eastern market for Moldovan goods. At the same time, he opposed the idea of establishing a Russian military base in the republic. “We are against Moldova firmly stands for a policy of neighborliness in the reorganisation of the 14th Army into a military base the region, Snegur said. In this context he pointed to the as General Aleksandr Lebed recently proposed. This is recent agreements with Russia on the legal status, time against the Moldavian constitution, which does not and procedure of withdrawal of the 14th Russian army allow the presence of foreign troops on Moldavian soil,” temporarily stationed in Moldovan territory. The presi- Andronic said. dent hoped the European Union would not remain indifferent to the way the process unfolds. “We are grateful to Russia, which scrupulously observed the 1992 agreement on conflict settlement in the Dni- Communists Announce Intent To Boycott ester region at the initial stage,” he continued. However, Elections later the Russian side violated the agreement by allowing AU2811174894 Chisinau INFOTAG in English 1930 Dniester separatists to establish three battalions in the GMT 25 Nov 94 exclusion zone, Andronic said. By reducing its peace- keeping contingent in the region Russia has violated the [FBIS Transcribed Text] Chisinau INFOTAG, 25/ accords for the second time, he said. 11/1994—The Moldovan Communist Party has stated its intention to boycott the oncoming local elections in “It is possible that by doing so Moscow wants to repeat case the parliament passes the law on local state govern- what has happened in Georgia when the situation came ment in the variant suggested by the Moldovan leader- to a head and Iccal authorities turned to the Russian ship. Army for help,” Andronic said. The party co-chair Vladimir Voronin has stated to INFOTAG that if the leaders of municipal and rural Snegur Signs EU Cooperation Agreement power bodies are appointed by the Moldovan leadership, LD2811190494 Moscow INTERFAX in English 1609 as the draft law stipulates, then the all- republican GMT 28 Nov 94 Communist Party Committee shall call upon Commu- nists and their followers to boycott such elections. [FBIS Transcribed Text] Moldova and the European Union [EU] signed a partnership and cooperation agree- “The appointment of local leaders by Chisinau would ment in Brussels Monday. According to the Interfax contradict the national Constitution. With such a correspondent in Belgium, the document names priori- system, the local elections would be anti-democratic, and ties in cooperation between Moldova and the European would not help bettering peopic’s life in localities,” Union, among them economic relations, human rights as Voronin stressed. well as finance, science and culture. Official Confirms South Yemen Plane Sales In his speech on the occasion President Mircea Snegur LD2811174194 Moscow Radio Ressii Network in called it a history-making event in relations between Russian 1400 GM 28 Nov 94 Moldova and the European Union. He described the agreement as a recognition of the democratic processes {[FBIS Translated Text] The KOMMERSANT taking place in Moldova. MOLDOVY newspaper reports the republic sold its MiG-29 fighters to South Yemen for a lot of money, Moldova appreciates the support of the European which has been confirmed by Nikolae Andronic, deputy Union, he said, which was felt every time the country chairman of Moldova’s parliament. He said the 34 faced complex problems characteristic of any transi- planes sold had belonged to one of the Black Sea Fleet tional period. aviation regiments. This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 52 CENTRAL ASIA 29 November 1994 Kyrgyzstan to the highest standard. There is effectively no crack or no gap in our border. It is, as the saying goes, under lock Akayev on Russian Border Troops Role in CIS and key. In addition, the fact that our officers and Defense soldiers serve in the Russian Border Troops group gives them a great deal in both professional and human terms. LD2811213694 Bishkek Kyrgyz Radio First Program So we have no real problems with the Russian Border Network in Russian 1200 GMT 28 Nov 94 Troops. We have found a common language with them. {[FBIS Translated Text] President Askar Akayev of the Askar Akayev and Andrey Nikolayev answered ques- Kyrgyz Republic received Colonel General Andrey tions put by the Russian journalists accompanying the Nikolayev, commander in chief of the Russian Federa- Border Troops commander in chief on his visit. In tion Border Troops. The commander in chief of the particular, answering a question about what contribution Russian Border Troops arrived in Bishkek, on his way to Kyrgyzstan makes to guarding the border, Akayev said Tajikistan, to hold talks with the republic’s leaders on that under the bilateral agreement with Russia our number of current issues relating to the activity of the republic finances 20 percent of the maintenance costs of Russian Border Troops group in Kyrgyzstan. the Russian Border Troops and fulfills this obligation to Welcoming his guest, Akayev recalled that in an inter- the letter. In addition, many citizens of Kyrgyzstan serve view he gave to the newspaper IZVESTIYA several in the Border Troops and thus make their own contribu- months ago, he said that once Nikolayev took over the tion to guarding the border. post of Border Troops commander, the concepi of a Andrey Nikolayev added that 20 percent of the per- unified external CIS border began to be a reality. After sonnel were on contract, and that many soldiers from all, if we are seeking a genuine economic union and Kyrgyzstan also serve in the Russian Border Troops economic integration, the internal borders between the elsewhere. He also said that several agreements to ensure states must be absolutely transparent, while the external that the border troops can operate normally have been ones must be unified and kept reliably closed. When it signed and are being carried out well within the frame- comes to implementing this concept, which has been work of the CIS. They cover preferential shipping of supported by most CIS heads, the Russian Border equipment, ammunition and other necessary freight, Troops assume the main burden of guarding the external material and technical provisioning of the border troops borders of the CIS members. on preferential terms, and so on. Nikolayev passed on greetings and best wishes from State Secretary Rustembekov, who heads the presiden- Russian President Boris Yeltsin, who noted Kyrgyzstan’s tial administration; Defense Minister Subanov; Finance consistent and principled stance on Central Asian Minister Nanayev; Romanov, the Russian ambassador regional problems, on the situation in Tajikistan, and on tu Kyrgyzstan; Major-General Basko, commander of the establishing a system to defend the external CIS borders. Russian Border Troops group in our republic; and other President Askar Akayev made an official statement on a officials took part in the president’s meeting with the number of articles that have appeared in some newspa- commander in chief. pers in the republic claiming Russia is preparing to withdraw its border troops from Kyrgyzstan and hand ILO Supports Economic Reform Conference in over the task of guarding the border to local border guard Bishkek units. The head of state described these articles as LD2811193794 Moscow INTERFAX in English 1627 groundless and ill-intentioned inventions. GMT 28 Nov 94 I would like to note, he said, that our position remains [From the “Presidential Bulletin” feature: compiled by unchanged: We will keep the Russian Border Troops Nikolay Zherebtsov, Andrey Petrovskiy, edited by group in our sector, the Kyrgyz-Chinese border. This is Vladimir Shishlin] the most effective and reliable way of guarding the border. Our position is logically bound up with the idea [FBIS Transcribed Text] The International Labor Orga- of integration within the CIS framework, and the idea of nization [ILO] has supported Kyrgyz President Askar collective safety for the CIS countries. I am confident Akayev’s proposal on holding an international confer- that all of us, the CIS countries, must arrive at the ence on the economic security and social consequences original method for guarding the external borders, a of economic reforms in the countries with a transitional unified strategy, and a unified technology for ensure economy in the Kyrgyz capital city of Bishkek. Besides security. the International Labor Organization, the conference is expected to be attended by the International Monetary We have taken the step of delegating the majority of our Fund, the World Bank, the European Bank for Recon- powers to guard the border to the central command of struction and Development and the International Trade the Russian Border Troops, and we consider that tiiis is Union. the only right way. The experience of guarding our borders supports this. We have maintained a very effec- This news was revealed to Interfax by head of the tive border troops group, which performs its assignments presidential legal department Daniyar Narymbayev. He This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 CENTRAL ASIA 53 said that the Kyrgyz President had fears lest the neglect capable to cause an early settlement of conflict in Tajiki- of the social factor and social stratification during the stan and around it, she said. implementation of the reforms might lead to social tremors. Otunbayeva drew special attention to the role played by China, which, as she said, “guarantees peace, stability Akayev attaches great importance to cooperation with and development of the Central Asian states”. the International Labor Organization which is ready to help Kyrgyzstan set up a center for employment and Otunbayeva said that neighborly relations and active vocational training, and for tackling the problems of trade and economic contacts with Turkey, Iran and unemployment and export of workforce. IF [Interfax] Pakistan affect favorably the development of Kyr- Note: Akayev was the first CIS leader to visit the gyzstan. headquarters of the International Labor Organization in She favored the development of all-round relations with 1992. By now Kyrgyzstan has ratified 49 covenants of the Federal Germany, Britain and other European coun- the International Labor Organization, which entitles it to tries. “Europe has invited Kyrgyzstan for cooperation,” comprehensive assistance from this organization. she said. “But it remains a virgin land for us,” said the Kyrgyz foreign minister. Foreign Minister on International Relatiens Speaking in detail about the Kyrgyz-US relations, Otun- LD2811180794 Moscow INTERFAX in English 1601 bayeva said that the United States is rendering an GMT 28 Nov 94 all-round assistance to the economic and democratic reforms carried out by Bishkek. Cooperation in the [From the “Diplomatic Panorama” feature: by diplo- sphere of international politics and security in the region matic correspondents Aleksandr Korzun, Igor Porshnev, transformed our relations into an open dialogue based Yevgeniy Terekhov, and others] on the principles of equality, she said. {[FBIS Transcribed Text] The Kyrgyz Foreign Ministry Otunbayeva said that soon the Kyrgyz Foreign Ministry will strengthen security, sovereignty and territorial integ- will submit to parliament a strategic concept for foreign- rity of the country, attract financial and technical assis- policy activities. tance from the outside to create a market economy, as well as will help democratization in the republic and Tajikistan protect the rights and freedoms of its citizens. The statement was made in Bishkek by the republic’s Foreign Rakhmanov, Joint Venture Director Discuss Gold Minister Roza Otunbayeva addressing a meeting Production devoted to the 50th anniversary of the Kyrgyz Foreign LD2811220894 Moscow INTERFAX in English 1941 Ministry. GMT 28 Nov 94 She spoke in favour of Kyrgyzstan’s participation in all [FBIS Transcribed Text] Tajikistan will be creating security structures, existing within the framework of the favorable conditions for foreign investments on mutu- CIS, the United Nations, the CSCE and the Council for ally-beneficial terms. The statement was made in Dus- North Atlantic Cooperation. hanbe Monday [28 November] by President Emomali Otunbayeva reaffirmed Bishkek’s intention to join the Rakhmanov at a meeting with the commercial director NATO “Partnership for Peace” program and said that of Commonwealth and British Minerals company, the the work over the presentation document and the indi- head of the mixed Zeravshan Gold Company Richard vidual program for cooperation with NATO is soon to be Wilkins. finalized. Wilkins told the president that the joint venture he heads Speaking about the nuclear problems, Otunbayeva said will start producing gold at the end of 1995. Between that Bishkek favors full cessation of nuclear testings and 1996 and 1998 it plans to increase annual production transformation of Central Asia into a nuclear-free zone. from 4.5 to 10-12 tons. She also said that in March 1995 at the world conference In 1993 Tajikistan extracted less than three tons. on the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Kyrgyzstan will advance an initiative to extend the treaty indefi- According to Wilkins, today Zeravshan has got down to nitely. the first stage of extracting and processing gold at deposits in Leninabad region, North Tajikistan. Speaking about foreign-economic priorities of Kyr- gyzstan, Otunbayeva said that the relations with Russia Rakhmanov expressed hope that the increasing gold are of top priority importance for the republic. production will help largely stabilize the national economy and attract foreign invesiors to develop Tajik Also of priority importance for Bishkek are relations natural resources. with the countries of Central Asia—Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan. Cooperation He assured the British businessman that the political with Central Asian states are a factor of regional security conditions in the country are favorable for expanding This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 54 CENTRAL ASIA 29 November 1994 production and the Tajik leadership will do its utmost to Tajikistan expressed serious concern over the sharply improve them resolving all domestic problems by deteriorating situation at the Pamir direction of the peaceful political ways. Tajik-Afghan border, especially at its Darvaza section. Lieutenant-General Anatoliy Chechulin, commander of Russian General’s Statement on Tajik-Afghan Border Russian border troops in Tajikistan, told ITAR-TASS on LD2811194394 Dushanbe Tajik Radio Tajikistan Monday [28 November] that up to 600 gunmen of the Network in Russian 1000 GMT 28 Nov 94 Tajik armed opposition massed in the Afghan villages of Flen, Nusai, Mohinau, and Zangria as well as the [Statement issued by Russian Lieutenant General Ana- Dzhisky Gorge, bordering the Gorno-Badakhshan toliy Chechulin, commander of the group of Russian autonomous area in Tajkikstan. They intend to cross border troops in Tajikistan, on 27 November 1994— from Afghanistan into the Tajik territory in the Pamirs read by announcer] for subsequent stationing during winter time. [FBIS Translated Text] The situation on the Tajik-Afghan According to the general, “Russian borderguards thwart border remains complex. It has become particularly acute two or three crossings of armed militants daily at this in the Darvazskiy district of Gorniy Badakhshan Autono- direction. Some messengers of armed groups try to mous Region. Up to 600 guerrillas of the armed Tajik collect foodstuffs and medicines for their gunmen who opposition have gathered in the Afghan villages of Flen, are in the Afghan village of Nusai, among residents of the Nusai, Mohinau, Zangerab, and in the Javai gorge. They Darvaza district by threats. are actively reconnoitering the possibilities for crossing from Afghanistan into the Gorniy Badakhshan Autono- “At the same time, they conduct agitation work to egg local mous Region to make their winter quarters there at a later population on border troops of Russia, Kazakhstan, and date. Kyrgyzstan, guarding the border there under the agree- ment on collective security of the countries of the Com- The personnel of the group of Russian border troops in this monwealth of Independent States,” the general noted. sector of Tajikistan cut short two or three attempts by the armed opposition to make the crossing every day. Lone Chechulin stressed that Russian troops will resolutely and envoys sent out by the armed groups are reconnoitering for firmly thwart, in future too, illegal actions by Tajik and foodstuffs and guerrilla bases in the Badakhshan region. Afghan mujahideen on the border and around Russian For example, Gayur, who heads one armed group, used the units. “All the responsibility for consequences rests on the threat of reprisals in the village of Kalayhum in an attempt leadership of the irreconcilable opposition as well as to get foodstuffs and medicines from the residents for his Afghan authorities in the Darvaza district of Afghanistan, guerrillas, who are located in the Afghan village of Nusai. where armed groups of the Tajik Islamic Revival Move- At the same time, the armed opposition envoys are ment are stationed,” the commander noted. attempting to spread propaganda to set the local popula- At the same time, the general underlined again that tion against the border troops units. “borderguards did not and do not interfere in the The Russian border troops will continue to cut short - in domestic conflict in Tajikistan and stand out for friend- decisive and tough manner - illegal guerrilla operations on ship between borderguards and local population, taking the border and around the areas where these units are into account historic relations between the peoples of deployed. All responsibility for the consequences will rest russia and the Gorno-Badakhshan area’”’. with the opposition leaders and with the official Afghan authorities in Darvaz district in the Islamic State of Uzbekistan Afghanistan in the zone of responsibility where the armed groups are located. Cooperation Agreement With South Korea Signed In view of the historical ties between the peoples of LD2911062894 Tashkent Radio Tashkent Network in Russia and Badakhshan, the command of the Russian Russian 0245 GMT 29 Nov 94 border troops is investigating the possibility of offering humanitarian aid, especially foodstuffs and clething, for [FBIS Translated Text] A memorandum on mutual the most impoverished members of the population in the cooperation was signed on 28 November between the border villages of Darvazskiy district. Uzbek Foreign Economic Relations Ministry and the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy of the Republic Warns of ‘Illegal Actions’ by Militants of Korea. A. Shaykhov, Uzbek first deputy foreign economic relations minister and (Yong Wu Ro), director LD2811121894 Moscow ITAR-TASS in English 1128 GMT 28 Nov 94 of the trade and sales development department at the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy of the Republic of Korea, signed the document. Representatives of the [By ITAR-TASS correspondent Galina Gridneva] Korean-Uzbek committee on trade and economic coop- {[FBIS Transcribed Text] Dushanbe November 28 eration, whose visit to our republic had prompted the TASS—The command of Russian border troops in meeting, participated. This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 CENTRAL ASIA 55 President Raises Pensions, Sickness Benefit Acceding to a request from the Uzbek Government, LD2811204994 Tashkent Radio Mashal in Uzbek 1000 representatives from the United Nations are to partici- GMT 28 Nov 94 pate in the elections to the Supreme Assembly as observers, Khalid Malik, head of the UN mission in our {[FBIS Translated Text] Decree by the president of republic, announced. At the same time, another request Uzbekistan on an increase in all types of pension for the has been sent to an American non-government organi- population of Uzbekistan: zation, the International Foundation on Elections. This With the aim of ensuring social support for pensions: organization will help us to conduct the elections in clear observance of international norms and rules. 1. The minimum size of labor pension in Uzbekistan from 1 December 1994 is to be set at 135 soms a month. As we have already reported, the Central Election Com- mission has registered candidates for our republic’s 2. All types of current pensions, including those for Supreme Assembly. As far as the breakdown of candi- people who have been invalids since childhood, and dates is concerned, there are 247 from the People’s benefits for the elderly and citizens unfit for work, are to Democratic Party of Uzbekistan, 146 candidates from be increased by 20 percent. the Homeland Progress party, and 250 others are repre- 3. The expenditures involved in implementing this sentatives of the hakimiyat [local/regional administra- decree are to be covered out of the social security fund. tion] organizations. Sixty-two of the 643 candidates are deputies in the current Supreme Council. Out of all the 4. Supervision over the fulfillment of this decree is to rest registered candidates, 438 are members of th Pcople’s with the Uzbek Cabinet of Ministers. Democratic Party, and 115 are members of the Home- [signed] Islam Karimov, president of Uzbekistan. land Progress Party. Twenty-eight percent of candidates are aged under 40. on To Observe Elections; Details on Candidates ven Only 21 candidates have just a secondary education; the rest have a higher or incomplete higher education. There LD2811202394 Tashkent Radio Marshal in Uzbek 1000 are 50 women candidates. The Supreme Assembly can- GMT 28 Nov 94 didates represent !5 ethnic groups living in our republic; {FBIS Translated Text] The preparations for the 25 in other words, there is equal treatment for all ethnic December Uzbek parlimentary elections continue. groups in our couniry. This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 56 CAUCASUS 29 November 1994 Azerbaijan [FBIS Transcribed Text] Baku November 28 TASS— The Azerbaijani law enforcement bodies have confis- cated a large amount of weapons, including armoured Aliyev Wants ICO To Discuss Karabakh Issue vehicles, artillery guns and grad missile launchers in a LD2811192494 Moscow INTERFAX in English 1627 sweeping operation following the 3-4 October failed GMT 28 Nov 94 coup, the Iaterior Ministry said on Monday [28 November]. [From the “Presidential Bulletin” feature: compiled by Nikolay Zherebtsov, Andrey Petrovskiy, edited by Interior Ministry officials said at their meeting today Viadimir Shishlin] that several dozen automatic guns were found in the house of ex-premier Surat Guseynov. Guseynov is {[FBIS Transcribed Text] Azerbaijan could use political accused of destabilising the situation in Azerbaijan, and and economic aid from the Islamic Conference organi- in particular in exacerbating the bread crisis to line his zation, Geydar Aliyev told ICO [Islamic Conference pockets. According to some information, the ex-premier Organization] Secretary General Hamid al-Ghabid. IF is hiding away in Russia. The participants in the meeting [Interfax] Note: al-Ghabid visited Azerbaijan on his tour demanded the extradition of all rebels hiding away in of Moslem countries which had once been Soviet repub- Georgia and Russia. lics. He called on refugee camps and conferred with Azerbaijani President Geydar Aliyev stressed that “the Azerbaijani Foreign Minister Gasan Gasanov. coup attempt was the result of the events from more than Aliyev believes that the ICO must debate shortly the six years ago, which had caused Azerbaijan to lose a Armenian aggression against Azerbaijan and take an considerable part of its territory.” He believes this hap- appropriate decision. pened because Azerbaijan did not have its own armed forces until recently, while various armed groups, under An Islamic Conference summit is scheduled to be held in the pretext of fighting for the liberation of the Republic, Casablanca, Morocco, in the first half of December. The “pursued their own selfish goals and fought for power.” foreign ministers are scheduled to meet on December 11 “These criminal groups have inflicted serious damage and the heads of state on December 13. upon the Azerbaijani people, not less than that caused by Armenian armed units,” Aliyev added. Al-Ghabid described the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict as a major issue on the Casablanca agenda. He said that However, “people have shown their political maturity the Islamic Conference intended to denounce the Arme- and demorstrated their ability to defend the country’s nian aggression and call for restoration of Azerbaijan’s statehood and independence,” the president said. territorial integrity but would not impose any sanctions Thanks to their courage, “the attempt of a state coup in on Armenia as long as CSCE-mediated talks continued Azerbaijan failed,” he added. on the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict. Earlier today, the Azerbaijani public prosecutor’s office Al-Ghabid said that the Islamic Conference would take said that it has undeniable proof of the involvement of steps against the aggressor if the CSCE talks failed. top officials in the attempted coup in October. Law enforcement bodies have arrested 119 people sus- Diplomatic Relations Established With Nicaragua pected in anti-government activities, including former NC2811184194 Baku Radio Baku Network in Azeri Minister of Agriculture Muzamil Abdullayev who was 1700 GMT 28 Nov 94 supposed to head a new government and ex-Minister of National Security Nariman Imranov, acting public pros- {[FBIS Translated Text] The Azerbaijan Ministry of ecutor Eldar Gasanov said. Gasanov said that top cab- Foreign Affairs Press Center has disclosed that Azerba- inet members were also involved in the conspiracy, ijan and Nicaragua have signed a protocol for the estab- including former Prime Minister Surat Guseynov, mem- lishment of diplomatic relations between the two coun- bers of the Security Ministry, the Defence Ministry and tries. The protocol was signed in New York on 20 the Interior Ministry. November. Guliyev, Azerbaijan’s permanent represen- tative to the United Nations, and Salazar, first secretary of the Nicaraguan Ministry of Foreign Affairs, signed the Georgia protocol on behalf of their countries. Shevardnadze Statement Rejects Abkhaz Police Seize Weapons, 119 Coup Suspects Independence LD2811140394 Tbilisi CONTACT INFORMATION LD2811161694 Moscow ITAR-TASS in English 1453 AGENCY in Russian 0910 GMT 28 Nov 94 GMT 28 Nov 94 [FBIS Translated Text] Tbilisi [no date as received]— [By ITAR-TASS correspondents Sevindzh Abdullayeva Georgian Head of State Eduard Shevardnadze issued a and Viktor Shulman] statement yesterday which says: This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 November 1994 CAUCASUS 57 A new constitution of Abkhazia was adopted 26 The separatists’ attempt to declare the creation of an November declaring Abkhazia a sovereign republic and independent state cannot be justified even in theory, a subject of international law. Vladislav Ardzinba was since it would mean encouraging armed conflicts in “elected” president of the self-declared republic. The democratic UN member-states and appeasing a bunch of “decision” concerning Abkhazia’s status, the new con- political adventurers. This would plunge the modern stitution, the reorganization of power structures, and the international community into chaos and turn the world declaration of independence was adopted by a “parlia- into a battlefield for numerous armed conflicts. ment” from which deputies representing the Georgian population and members of other peoples who had lived Recent events in Abkhazia have clearly demonstrated in Abkhazia were expelled. Therefore, it ignores the that it is not an ethnic conflict that is taking place there opinion of the deputies representing the majority of but an attempt by political adventurers to satisfy their Abkhazia’s multiethnic population. ambitions by manipulating the national feelings of their own people. As the Georgian delegation’s memorandum issued at the Geneva talks of 15-18 November 1994 points out, the Once they ascertained that their reactionary and aggres- Abkhaz side and the reactionary forces which support it sive regime could not be legalized through talks on a are wasting the opportunity for a constructive solution of full-scale conflict settlement in Abkhazia, the separatists the conflict in Abkhazia by constantly violating their and the forces supporting them decided to wreck the obligations and attempting to legalize a reactionary talks, knowing in advance that the Republic of Georgia political regime guilty of the genocide and ethnic would not negotiate with an Abkhaz side representing an cleansing of the Georgian population of Abkhazia. independent state and subject of international law. This position was also shared by the other participants in the As a result of the ethnic cleansing and genocide of the talks—the United Nations, the CSCE, and the Russian Georgian population, over 6,000 people have been Federation. killed, prominent political figures, representatives of science and culture, and journalists have been executed, The separatists’ actions are a challenge to the entire doctors and teachers have been brutally tortured, thou- international community. They eliminate the opportu- sands of women, old people, and children have been left nity for a peaceful conflict settlement and thwart the disabled after tortures and outrages, and over 200,000 efforts of the participants in the peace process of conflict Georgians have fled appalling terror, leaving behind se**’enent in Abkhazia. them on mountain paths children and old people who had succumbed to exposure and exhaustion. The Republic of Georgia appeals to the UN Security Council, the CSCE, the heads of CIS member-states and, In an effort to forcibly alter the demographic composi- above all, the Government of the Russian Federation to tion of Abkhazia, to destroy or expel almost half of its react without delay to this latest provocative step by population—ethnic Georgians—to declare indepen- aggressive separatism and to take effective measures, up dence ignoring the opinion of Abkhazia’s multiethnic to and including the imposition of sanctions, envisioned population, the separatists and the forces which support by the UN Charter and the fundamental documents of them have unleashed a war which ended in tragedy not the CSCE and the CIS. only for the Georgians but also for the Abkhaz. Unwilling to be associated with a criminal regime, many Will Not Negotiate With ‘Independent’ Abkhazia of them fled from Abkhazia together with representa- tives of other peoples. Over four-fifths of the population LD2811122594 Moscow INTERFAX in English 1110 of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia are now living GMT 28 Nov 94 outside Abkhazia. [FBIS Transcribed Text] Georgia’s leader Eduard She- By blatantly violating the UN Securny Council’s resolu- vardnadze has assessed the proclamation of sovereignty tions and the quadripartite agreement, which they also by Abkhazia’s parliament as “an attempt by separatists signed, the separatists did everything to block the return to set up an independent state.” This is said in a of the displaced people. Their return would have frus- statement put out by Shevardnadze’s press-service trated the plans to legalize the illegal regime and hold a Sunday [27 November]. so-called referendum endorsing self-declared indepen- On November 26, parliament of Abkhazia, which has, in dence. fact, seceded from Georgia following an armed conflict Security Council resolutions, decisions by the supreme adopted a constitution, proclaiming Abkhazia a sover- bodies of the CSCE and the CIS, statements by the eign entity, subject to international law. president and the government of the Russian Federation categorically reject any attempt to redraw the borders of The statement notes that “Georgia will not negotiate the Republic of Georgia. with Abkhazia as an independent state.” The UN secretary-general’s report of 3 March 1994 says Georgia is certain, the document notes, that the UN that “the Abkhaz side has been clearly given to under- Security Council, CSCE, CIS states, above all the Rus- stand that independence gained by armed force is unac- sian Federation will react without delay to the new ceptable for the international community.” “irresponsible provocative step by separatists and will This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 58 CAUCASUS 29 November 1994 adopt effective measures, up to sanctions, envisaged by The message says that if the leaders of other Caucasian the UN Charter, to curb the arrogant separatists.” republics pursued the same policy as Ardzinba, there would be a different situation in the Caucasus, and Chechnya would not be in danger. Leaders Hope Russia Will Not Approve Abkhaz Constitution As regards the statement by North Ossetian President LD2811130694 Moscow INTERFAX in English 1241 Akhsarbek Galazov that the armed conflict in Chechnya GMT 28 Nov 94 is Russia’s internal affair, Dudayev expressed regrei in this connection and asked Ardzinba to expand contacts [FBIS Transcribed Text] Moscow, November 28 RIA— with the North Caucasian republics. The leadership of Georgia hopes that Russia will not approve the new Constitution, adopted by the Abkha- Dudayev also expressed gratitude to Ardzinba for his zian parliament, which proclaims Abkhazia a sovereign pledge to take in Dudayev and his supporters in the Presidential republic, Ambassador of Georgia to Russia event of undesirable developments in Chechnya. Valerian Advadze said in an interview to RIA “Novosti’- *, Georgia is now waiting for Moscow’s official reaction to the “unlawful decision of the Abkhazian parliament”, Shevardnadze Appeals to Russia, Turkmenistan Advadze stated, expressing confidence that Moscow will for Gas support the territorial integrity of Georgia. LD2911114294 Tbilisi TPRINDA in Russian 1000 GMT 28 Nov 94 On November 26, a session of the Abkhazian Supreme Soviet adopted a new Constitution which proclaims [FBIS Translated Text] Tbilisi (IPRINDA)—Georgian Abkhazia a Presidential Republic. It was noted during head of state Eduard Shevardnadze devoted his regular the discussion of the document that Abkhazia will con- interview on 28 November almost entirely to economic tinue the talks with Georgia on problems of interstate problems and the energy crisis. relations. In Shevardnadze’s opinion, the meeting of donor-states in France on 21 and 22 November played a positive role Russia, Georgia Call For Abkhazia Summit’s in helping Georgia emerge from the economic and Postponement energy crisis. AU2811214494 Paris AFP in English 2121 GMT 28 Nov 94 Discussing the budget, Shevardnadze said that by 25 November 1994 budget revenue had reached 5.5 trillion [FBIS Transcribed Excerpt] Geneva, Nov 28 (AFP)— coupons. Petroleum product sales had contributed 500 Georgia and Russia have called for the postponement of billion coupons to the budget. He noted that the Geor- a summit aimed at resolving the impasse over Tbilisi’s gian gas department’s debt was 40 trillion coupons. breakaway Abkhazia region, a UN diplomat said here Monday [28 November]. In the last two months the customs department paid into the budget an amount that should have been contributed Georgia was asking that the summit, organised by UN to the budget over a period of 10 months. [sentence as Secretary General Butrus Butrus-Ghali for Friday, be received] held some time in the second half of December and Russia was backing the move, the diplomat told AFP. Discussing the energy crisis and the accident on the gas [passage omitted] pipeline in Uzbekistan, Shevardnadze said that due to reasons beyond the Georgian side’s control, the neces- — Thanks Abkhaz President For Asylum sary measures to repair the damage had not been taken er in time. LD2911115394 Tbilisi IPRINDA in Russian 1400 GMT Following Boris Yeltsin’s visit to Georgia, Russia should 28 Nov 94 have granted Georgia credit worth 20 billion rubles, part of which should have been used to buy between 300,000 [FBIS Translated Text] Tbilisi (IPRINDA)}—IPRINDA to 400,000 tonnes of fuel oil. However, due to banking has learned from well-informed sources that, despite the problems, this credit did not reach Georgia. difficult situation in Chechnya, Chechen President Dzhokhar Dudayev has congratulated Vladisiav Ardz- Under a Georgian-Iranian agreement, Iran should have inba on the adoption of a new constitution and his supplied Georgia with about a billion cubic meters of gas election as president of an independent Abkb2z republic. (in fact, the figure is 600 million cubic meters). However, Dudayev spoke highly of Ardzinba’s 9°. ae Abkhaz due to weather conditions in Iran, this did not take place. people’s support at a time when Ches* » is repelling Russia’s armed aggression and expres. satitude for According to Shevardnadze, the gas suppliers have the the sending of experienced Abkhaz fiy:ters who are moral right to stop supplies to Georgia. He also said that fighting selflessly in the battles near Groznyy. he had appealed to the president of Turkmenistan to do This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. FBIS-SOV-94-229 29 Novemt-r 1994 CAUCASUS 59 everything to resume fuel [gas] supplies. There is infor- Security S«ev:ce Wants Control of All Key mation that the repair work on the pipeline will be Exports completed in the next two days. LD2911093i34 Tbilisi SAKINFORM in Russian 2055 The Georgian head of state has also sent a letter to the GMT 28 Nov 94 Russian president asking him to help Georgia with gas. [FBIS Translated Text] [no dateline as received]—Igor Shevardnadze reported that Georgian Deputy Prime Giorgadze, the head of the Georgian Security Service has Minister Zurab Kervalishvili would visit Ashgabat in the told journalists that it is mainly mafia structures that near future to clarify issues relating to gas supplies in are—under the guise of reforms and market relations— 1995. If necessary, I will personally go to Ashgabat, said involved in the export from the republic of strategic Shevardnadze. produce such as tea, citrus fruits, and alcoholic bever- ages. Meanwhile, he said, the state has in fact been Discussing recent events in Chechnya, Shevardnadze deprived of the opportunity to use this produce in the noted that countries should solve domestic issues and interests of the population. Therefore, the head of the problems independently, without external interference. I Security Service believes that the government should express regret with heartfelt pain over the fact that concentrate in its hands all the levers controlling export people are dying in the neighboring republic, concluded from the country. He said that the Security Service is Shevardnadze. ready to carry out this difficult task. This report may contain copyrighted material. Copying and dissemination is prohibited without permission of the copyright owners. scantcoes covtaie uuiaah cilia, cnahigiea setaeheratial. aneenantogienl some, puaatanare , economic, environmental, and news, 5 : i sources are scribed. Except for excluding certain diacritics, FENG renders personel nemes end for U.S. decemnie ebisaine byOe US Board from the original source but have been supplied as parenthetical notes within the body of an item originate with source. Times within items are as given by the source. 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