Catalogue · ID 185

Енциклопедія історії України: Т. 1

Author: Інститут історії України НАН України
Year of publication: 2003
Published in: редакційна колегія: Смолій В. А. (голова) та інші
Describes Russian colonization of peoples: Ukrainians
Publication rights: not allowed (an encyclopedia under the Institute of History copyright)

Files not published

Where we got it

Original source: https://archive.org/details/e0h0u

Where the knowledge base cites it

This material is cited in 28 places.

Campaigns

• Truce of Vilna (1656)

  Haponenko, were not admitted to the negotiating table"

• The Lebedyn Executions (1708–1709)

  The model of intimidation was the destruction of the hetman capital: on 2 November 1708 Baturyn was taken by Menshikov's troops, "the town was razed to the ground and its inhabitants annihilated," and when in July 1709 the tsar permitted it to be resettled, he obliged the inhabitants to pay a special tax to the treasury "for treason"

• The Governing Council of the Hetman Government and the Lubny Treaty (1734–1750)

  At the same time the empire brought Zaporizhzhia back under control: "Anna amnestied the Zaporozhians and allowed them to return to the old Sich grounds (1734) and found the New Sich"

• Russo-Turkish War and the Annexation of Bessarabia (1806–1812)

  The use of Ukrainian resources in yet another geopolitical war of the empire, which ended with the severing of Bessarabia from the Ottoman Empire: "After the incorporation of Bessarabia into Russia on May 16, 1812 (see the Treaty of Bucharest of 1812), Ukrainian Cossacks of the volunteer regiments, of the Ust-Danube Budjak Cossack Host, and of the Danube Cossack Host actively settled the Budjak"

• War with Napoleon: Forced Mobilization and Deception (1812)

  The empire squeezed the maximum out of the land: "on both of its banks, Ukraine was used for the recruitment, equipping, and movement of troops… including a 75-thousand-strong militia from the Kyiv, Podillia, Chernihiv, and Poltava governorates"

  when the Buh Cossacks refused to be turned into military settlers in 1817, their uprising was crushed by four regiments with artillery

• Introduction of Military Settlements and Liquidation of the Danubian Sich (1817–1828)

  "The trigger was the order abolishing the Buh Cossack Host and turning the Cossacks into military settlers"

• Suppression of the Shebelynka Uprising (1829)

  The forcible suppression of a mass anti-serfdom uprising in Sloboda Ukraine that broke out within the system of military settlements: "The servile condition of the military settlements' inhabitants caused the Buh Cossacks' uprising of 1817, the Chuhuiv uprising of 1819, the Shebelynka uprising of 1829, and others"

• Soviet-Ukrainian War: First Invasion and the Puppet Government (December 1917 - April 1918)

  At the request of the UNR government, German and Austro-Hungarian troops entered Ukraine, and by the end of April 1918 they had driven the RSFSR troops from all Ukrainian land

• Soviet-Ukrainian War: Second Invasion and Resource Depletion (1919)

  After Germany's capitulation in World War I, the German and Austro-Hungarian troops that had occupied Ukraine since the spring of 1918 left

  - and in January 1919 RSFSR troops invaded Ukraine for the second time: the Soviet-Ukrainian War went on

• Annexation and Sovietization of Western Ukraine (1939–1941)

  To legitimize the occupation, the "People's Assembly of Western Ukraine 1939" was staged, which "on October 27 in Lviv… adopted the Declaration on the reunification of Western Ukraine with the Ukrainian SSR"

• Suppression of UPA Resistance and Operation "Vistula" (1944–1951)

  Its finale was the use of collusion with a third party - Operation "Vistula" (1947), coordinated with the pro-Soviet government of Poland, "the concluding stage of the forced deportation of Ukrainians" "from the ancestral lands of Lemkivshchyna, Nadsiannia, Kholmshchyna, and Pidliashshia," carried out to deprive the UPA of its social base

Procedures

• Pereiaslav Council (1654) — technique Sham Treaties

  Only their copies and drafts are known"; the Ukrainian side submitted its terms "in the form of petitions to the tsar," while "the acts of the tsarist government took the form of 'grants' from the tsar"

• Truce of Vilna (1656) — technique Collusion with a Third Party Behind the People's Back

  As soon as political interests changed, Moscow went for a separate peace with its recent enemy – Poland – negotiating behind its Ukrainian ally's back: "The priorities at the negotiations were territorial and financial questions, as well as the terms of the election of the Russian tsar to the Polish throne"

  The negotiations were held at Niemieza near Vilna from August 1656; the armistice was signed on October 24

• Truce of Vilna (1656) — technique Deprivation of Agency

  Haponenko, were not admitted to the negotiating table"

• The Lebedyn Executions (1708–1709) — technique Terror

  "the town was razed to the ground and its inhabitants annihilated," and the returning residents were charged a special tax "for treason"

  Menshikov in 1708"

• The Governing Council of the Hetman Government and the Lubny Treaty (1734–1750) — technique Forced Registration of Subjecthood

  The return of the Zaporozhian Sich under the empire's authority on the crown's terms: "For tactical reasons, in the course of preparations for the next Turkish war, Anna amnestied the Zaporozhians and allowed them to return to the old Sich grounds (1734) and found the New Sich"

• War with Napoleon: Forced Mobilization and Deception (1812) — technique Forced Mobilization

  Mass conscription into the militia and the formation of Cossack regiments on the basis of false promises to restore Cossack liberties: "Ukraine was used for the recruitment, equipping, and movement of troops… including a 75-thousand-strong militia from the Kyiv, Podillia, Chernihiv, and Poltava governorates"

• War with Napoleon: Forced Mobilization and Deception (1812) — technique Punitive Expeditions

  The use of regular troops to brutally suppress the unrest of the deceived population: the 1817 uprising of the Buh Cossacks against being turned into military settlers was crushed by four regiments - over 10,000 soldiers with artillery; the rebels were cut down with sabres, drowned in the Southern Buh, and flogged with whips

• Introduction of Military Settlements and Liquidation of the Danubian Sich (1817–1828) — technique Labor Exploitation

  The transfer of Cossacks to the status of rightless military settlers (the Arakcheev system), which provoked the uprising of 1817: "The trigger was the order abolishing the Buh Cossack Host and turning the Cossacks into military settlers… The reprisal against the rebellious Cossacks was extraordinarily brutal: many were cut down with sabers, drowned in the Southern Buh, flogged to death"

• Suppression of the Shebelynka Uprising (1829) — technique Punitive Expeditions

  The use of the regular army to suppress the peasants' anti-serfdom uprising in Sloboda Ukraine (the Shebelynka uprising of 1829) – one in a series of revolts caused by the "servile condition" of the military settlements' inhabitants

• Soviet-Ukrainian War: First Invasion and the Puppet Government (December 1917 - April 1918) — technique Sham Expression of Popular Will

  At the real congress Ukrainians hardly noticed the Bolsheviks: of more than 2,500 delegates "the Bolsheviks were represented by only 150", and the congress supported the Central Rada

• Soviet-Ukrainian War: Third Invasion and the Final Soviet Occupation (December 1919 - November 1921) — technique Military Intervention

  Over 400 soldiers died in the battle, 537 were taken prisoner, and more than a hundred broke out of the encirclement and crossed the Polish border on November 20

• Soviet-Ukrainian War: Third Invasion and the Final Soviet Occupation (December 1919 - November 1921) — technique Killing of Prisoners and Detainees
• Annexation and Sovietization of Western Ukraine (1939–1941) — technique Sham Expression of Popular Will

  The staging of a no-alternative "People's Assembly" under the control of occupation troops to give the seizure legal form: "On October 27 in Lviv, the People's Assembly of Western Ukraine of 1939 adopted the Declaration on the reunification of Western Ukraine with the Ukrainian SSR, and on November 1 the Supreme Soviet of the USSR passed the law admitting Western Ukraine, as part of the Ukrainian SSR, into the USSR"

• Annexation and Sovietization of Western Ukraine (1939–1941) — technique Annexation of Territories

  and "after the Red Army occupied Bessarabia and Northern Bukovyna at the end of June 1940, on August 2, 1940 the Supreme Soviet of the USSR annexed Northern Bukovyna and the Khotyn, Akkerman, and Izmail districts of Bessarabia to the Ukrainian SSR"

• Suppression of UPA Resistance and Operation "Vistula" (1944–1951) — technique Collusion with a Third Party Behind the People's Back

  …Poland to destroy the Ukrainian underground: Operation "Vistula," "as a deportation action, was elaborated in detail and carried out by the Polish authorities," but its execution "was coordinated with the party-Soviet organs of power of the USSR" - the Soviet command transferred "from Lviv oblast one tank division and special NKVD units, and blocked the Ukrainian-Polish border with border troops"

• Suppression of UPA Resistance and Operation "Vistula" (1944–1951) — technique Deportation

  Operation "Vistula" was carried out in order to "deprive it of socio-economic and moral-psychological support from the local Ukrainian population," and ended in the scattering of the community: the authorities rid themselves of the Ukrainian population, "dispersing about 150 thousand people"

• Suppression of UPA Resistance and Operation "Vistula" (1944–1951) — technique Neutralization of the Opposition

  During Operation "Vistula," for civilians suspected of assisting the underground there was provision for "the introduction of courts-martial and concentration camps, in particular at Jaworzno"