Catalogue · ID 195

Енциклопедія історії України: Т. 8

Author: Інститут історії України НАН України
Year of publication: 2011
Published in: редакційна колегія: Смолій В. А. (голова) та інші
Describes Russian colonization of peoples: Ukrainians
Publication rights: not allowed (an encyclopedia under the Institute of History copyright)

Files not published

Where we got it

Original source: https://archive.org/details/e0h0u

Where the knowledge base cites it

This material is cited in 30 places.

Campaigns

• Pereiaslav Council (1654)

  Buturlin, citing the autocratic character of the Russian monarch's power, refused to do so"

• Pereiaslav Articles (1659)

  The treaty abolished independence: "the Ukrainian state lost its independence and acquired the status of a political autonomy within the Russian state"

• The Case of Pavlo Polubotok (1723)

  After this, interrogations of Polubotok began in the Secret Chancellery, and on November 10, 1723 he was arrested and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress"

• Forced Labor on Imperial Construction: The Ladoga Canal (1704–1725)

  Polubotok "headed a 10,000-strong Cossack corps dispatched by order of Tsar Peter I to the construction of the Ladoga Canal"

• Liquidation of the Cossacks in Right-Bank Ukraine (1699)

  Colonel Palii "did not accept the decisions of the general Sejm of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth of 1699 banning the Cossacks on the Right Bank" and "contrary to the terms of the 'Eternal Peace' of 1686 pursued a policy of uniting the Right Bank and the Left Bank"

• The Governing Council of the Hetman Government and the Lubny Treaty (1734–1750)

  Apostol to govern Left-Bank Ukraine (the Hetmanate) and to prevent new hetman elections"; "in essence its head was the tsar's resident"

• Second and Third Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1793–1795)

  Under the second partition, "Russia received the central part of Belarus, the Kyiv, Bratslav, and Podillia voivodeships, and the eastern half of the Volhynian voivodeship – in total 250 thousand km2 and over 3 million inhabitants," and after the third, "the Polish state ceased to exist"

• Suppression of the November Uprising (1830–1831)

  The Russian Empire's regular army suppresses a national liberation uprising: the insurgent detachments in Volhynia, the Zhytomyr region, Podillia, and the Kyiv region "were routed by the tsarist troops in April–May 1831," after which "the tsarist government resorted to brutal repressions against the participants of the uprising"

• Suppression of the January Uprising (1863–1864)

  The armed suppression of the liberation uprising on the Right Bank: "The Russian government dealt brutally with the participants of the uprising: hundreds of Poles were executed, thousands exiled to Siberia or given over to the army, and their property confiscated"

• World War I and the Occupation of Galicia (1914–1917)

  The empire mass-mobilizes Ukrainians in the world war: "During the war years, 3.5 million Ukrainians were mobilized into the ranks of the Russian army (by other data – 4.5 million)"

• Soviet-Ukrainian War: Third Invasion and the Final Soviet Occupation (December 1919 - November 1921)

  The Army of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UNR), no longer able to hold a continuous front, went on a raid behind the lines of the Soviet and White forces - the First Winter Campaign (6 December 1919 - 6 May 1920)

Procedures

• Pereiaslav Council (1654) — technique Sham Treaties

  Khmelnytsky had to convene the council three times in a single day, 18 (8) January 1654, yet Buturlin, citing the autocratic character of the Russian monarch's power, refused a second time

• Pereiaslav Articles (1659) — technique Restriction of Sovereignty

  The Ukrainian state lost its independence and acquired the status of a political autonomy within the Russian state"

  Khmelnytsky, rejected the Zherdiv Articles and forced the Ukrainian side to accept 14 points of the so-called old articles of 1654 (which in reality constituted a falsification of the 1654 treaty)"

• Pereiaslav Articles (1659) — technique Implantation of Officials and Military Personnel

  The articles codified the expansion of the military presence: "besides Kyiv, tsarist voivodes were introduced into Pereiaslav, Chernihiv, Nizhyn, Bratslav, and Uman"

• Forced Labor on Imperial Construction: The Ladoga Canal (1704–1725) — technique Labor Exploitation

  Polubotok was dispatched to the canal

• Forced Labor on Imperial Construction: The Ladoga Canal (1704–1725) — technique Installation of a New System of Governance

  Cossack corps were dispatched to these works "by order of Tsar Peter I"

• Liquidation of the Cossacks in Right-Bank Ukraine (1699) — technique Collusion with a Third Party Behind the People's Back

  The fate of the Right-Bank Cossacks was decided by foreign capitals: the ban of 1699 implemented this partition, against which Palii's Cossacks, "contrary to the terms of the 'Eternal Peace' of 1686," continued the struggle to unite both banks

• Liquidation of the Cossacks in Right-Bank Ukraine (1699) — technique Administrative-Territorial Division

  The abolition of the regimental-sotnia administrative order to serve the imperial partition of the lands: the Sejm of 1699 adopted the decision "banning the Cossacks on the Right Bank"

• The Governing Council of the Hetman Government and the Lubny Treaty (1734–1750) — technique Installation of a New System of Governance

  Lyzohub with 2 Ukrainian officers"

• Military Annexation of the Crimean Khanate (1783) — technique Migratory Replacement

  and in 1776 Potemkin directly ordered "not to return fugitives"

• Second and Third Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1793–1795) — technique Collusion with a Third Party Behind the People's Back

  The diplomatic collusion of the great powers behind the backs of the peoples of the dismembered republic: "Russia carried out the second partition of Poland jointly with Prussia"

• Second and Third Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1793–1795) — technique Annexation of Territories

  The seizure and incorporation into the empire of Right-Bank Ukraine, Volhynia, and Podillia: Russia received "the Kyiv, Bratslav, and Podillia voivodeships and the eastern half of the Volhynian voivodeship," and under the third partition – "the western part of the Volhynian voivodeship, the western parts of the Kholm land and the Belz voivodeship"

• Suppression of the November Uprising (1830–1831) — technique Military Intervention

  The deployment of troops to forcibly suppress the liberation movement: the detachments created by the insurgents "were routed by the tsarist troops in April–May 1831"

• Suppression of the November Uprising (1830–1831) — technique Punitive Expeditions

  Reprisals against the insurgents to preserve imperial control: "The tsarist government resorted to brutal repressions against the participants of the uprising, abolished the constitution of the Kingdom of Poland and, simultaneously, most attributes of the Polish lands' autonomy… introduced martial law (which lasted a quarter of a century)"

• Suppression of the January Uprising (1863–1864) — technique Punitive Expeditions

  The use of the regular army to suppress the January Uprising: Muravyov and Berg, appointed by the emperor, "resorted to brutal repressions and terror with the aim of suppressing the uprising"; "hundreds of Poles were executed, thousands exiled to Siberia or given over to the army"

• Black Hundred Terror and Pogroms (1905–1907) — technique Mass Killings of Civilians

  Mass Jewish pogroms with the connivance and complicity of the police: in October 1905 "over 600 pogroms and over 800 killed were registered"

• World War I and the Occupation of Galicia (1914–1917) — technique Forced Mobilization

  The forced conscription of millions into the imperial army: "During the war years, 3.5 million Ukrainians were mobilized into the ranks of the Russian army (by other data – 4.5 million out of a total of 15.5 million)"

• World War I and the Occupation of Galicia (1914–1917) — technique Deportation

  In all, thousands of Galicians were removed as hostages (through Kyiv alone about 12 thousand passed)"

• Soviet-Ukrainian War: Third Invasion and the Final Soviet Occupation (December 1919 - November 1921) — technique Military Intervention

  Contemporaries called this position the «triangle of death»

  This raid is known as the First Winter Campaign

  On the Right Bank the Russian occupier reached the Polish front line: Kamianets-Podilskyi, Proskuriv and Starokostiantyniv were held by the Poles

• Suppression of UPA Resistance and Operation "Vistula" (1944–1951) — technique Mass Killings of Civilians

  …the military prosecutor of the MVD troops of the Ukrainian district, Kosharsky, in his report to Khrushchev (February 15, 1949), cited "examples of beatings, rapes and robberies of the population" by agent-fighters and stated: "the actions of the so-called MGB special groups are of a pronounced bandit, anti-Soviet character and, of course, cannot be justified by any operational considerations"