Catalogue · ID 107

Акты собранные Кавказскою археографическою комиссиею. Том X (1844-1854)

Author: Кавказская археографическая комиссия
Year of publication: 1885
Describes Russian colonization of peoples: several peoples
Publication rights: free (public domain: published in 1885)

What is here

Same folder on GitHub

Where we got it

Original source: https://web.archive.org/web/20250912093519/http://apsnyteka.org/381-akak_i_xii.html

The text was transcribed by us from a scan or saved from the source page; the original file is kept alongside so the transcription can be checked.

File fingerprints

Where the knowledge base cites it

This material is cited in 16 places.

Campaigns

• "Death sentence" for Lesser Chechnya: the massacre of Duba's hamlet, forest clearings, fortresses, annihilation of the population and stanitsas on the sites of burned auls (1847-1851)

  General Sleptsov summed up the result in a report of 4 October 1850: "the rich lands between the Sunzha and the Russian road have passed into the unaccountable possession of the government, so that the entire plain of Lesser Chechnya is now completely cleared of the hostile population"

• "Neither plow nor sow": the pogrom of Chechnya, organized famine, the buying-up of elites and the institutions of subjugation (1852-1857)

  The destruction of food became doctrine: Vorontsov, viceroy and commander-in-chief in the Caucasus, in an official letter (otnosheniye) to Minister of War Chernyshev of 28 August 1852, reported that the Chechens, deprived of crops and hay, "must - either resettle into our bounds, or go into the very depth of the mountains"

Procedures

• "Death sentence" for Lesser Chechnya: the massacre of Duba's hamlet, forest clearings, fortresses, annihilation of the population and stanitsas on the sites of burned auls (1847-1851) — technique Mass Killings of Civilians

  Sleptsov's own report of 20 June 1851 puts it more mildly - "those who resolved to defend themselves were killed, or a very few were spared and taken prisoner"

  I myself and my officers tried to restrain the killings, but it was almost impossible"; he counts the dead at "more than 200 bodies"

  On 16 November 1851 General Kozlovsky reported, in a report of 21 November 1851, on the annihilation of the aul Dakhin-Irzau: "I resolved to annihilate this aul, which I carried out at dawn on 16 November with complete success" - more than 40 killed, more than 100 wounded

• "Death sentence" for Lesser Chechnya: the massacre of Duba's hamlet, forest clearings, fortresses, annihilation of the population and stanitsas on the sites of burned auls (1847-1851) — technique Total Destruction of Infrastructure

  Having finished the annihilation of the hamlets and the aul in two hours' time, Colonel Sleptsov began his withdrawal"

  and on 16 November 1851 - the aul Dakhin-Irzau: General Kozlovsky's report notes "the turning to ashes of the aul Dakhin-Irzau with enormous stores of grain and hay"

• "Death sentence" for Lesser Chechnya: the massacre of Duba's hamlet, forest clearings, fortresses, annihilation of the population and stanitsas on the sites of burned auls (1847-1851) — technique Punitive Expeditions

  the raid of 17 February 1850 took "two hours' time"

  in June, September and November 1851 the auls were struck by the detachments of Generals Sleptsov, Baryatinsky and Kozlovsky

• "Death sentence" for Lesser Chechnya: the massacre of Duba's hamlet, forest clearings, fortresses, annihilation of the population and stanitsas on the sites of burned auls (1847-1851) — technique Deportation

  More than 150 families settled the space around Zakan-yurt and Kazakh-kichu" - next to the imperial fortifications

• "Death sentence" for Lesser Chechnya: the massacre of Duba's hamlet, forest clearings, fortresses, annihilation of the population and stanitsas on the sites of burned auls (1847-1851) — technique Creation of Economic Hopelessness

  will inevitably follow the example of their compatriots" - that is, they too would come down to the fortifications

• "Death sentence" for Lesser Chechnya: the massacre of Duba's hamlet, forest clearings, fortresses, annihilation of the population and stanitsas on the sites of burned auls (1847-1851) — technique Expropriation of Resources

  General Sleptsov, in a report to General Ilyinsky of 4 October 1850, summed up the displacement of the mountain auls: "the rich lands between the Sunzha and the Russian road have passed into the unaccountable possession of the government, so that the entire plain of Lesser Chechnya is now completely cleared of the hostile population"

• "Death sentence" for Lesser Chechnya: the massacre of Duba's hamlet, forest clearings, fortresses, annihilation of the population and stanitsas on the sites of burned auls (1847-1851) — technique Hostage-Taking

  …holding in the Cossack stanitsa Sunzhenskaya, planted on the site of the Chechen aul Dibir-Yurt, hostages (amanats) - people the empire took from the families of the resettled in order to hold their communities in obedience under the threat of reprisal against those taken: "The amanats, taken by me in assurance of the unconditional submission of the resettled, I keep in the stanitsa Sunzhenskaya"

• "Death sentence" for Lesser Chechnya: the massacre of Duba's hamlet, forest clearings, fortresses, annihilation of the population and stanitsas on the sites of burned auls (1847-1851) — technique Abduction of People

  In the raid of 17 February 1850, "54 souls of both sexes" were taken captive

  at the crossing of the Sunzha river on 15 September 1851 - 38 captives

  at the annihilation of Dakhin-Irzau on 16 November 1851, "24 souls were taken captive"

• "Neither plow nor sow": the pogrom of Chechnya, organized famine, the buying-up of elites and the institutions of subjugation (1852-1857) — technique Mass Killings of Civilians

  The annihilation of people was also a declared plan: Vorontsov, viceroy and commander-in-chief in the Caucasus, in a letter to the Emperor of 1-20 March 1854, formulated the task of the past winter - "the final subjugation and annihilation of the remaining unpacified in the environs on the plain"

• "Neither plow nor sow": the pogrom of Chechnya, organized famine, the buying-up of elites and the institutions of subjugation (1852-1857) — technique Total Destruction of Infrastructure

  …and commander-in-chief in the Caucasus: in a letter to the Emperor of 1-20 March 1854 he reported that Baryatinsky "took possession of the Michik, cut a clearing of enormous width through the Qachqalyq ridge down to the plains of Greater Chechnya and annihilated the greater part of the villages that still remained unsubdued along the Michik and other streams in the direction of Umakhan-yurt"

• "Neither plow nor sow": the pogrom of Chechnya, organized famine, the buying-up of elites and the institutions of subjugation (1852-1857) — technique Artificial Famine

  The doctrine was sealed by Vorontsov in an official letter (otnosheniye) to Minister of War Chernyshev of 28 August 1852: the Chechens, deprived of crops and hay, "must - either resettle into our bounds, or go into the very depth of the mountains"

• "Neither plow nor sow": the pogrom of Chechnya, organized famine, the buying-up of elites and the institutions of subjugation (1852-1857) — technique Destruction of the Natural Landscape

  Freytag and then strongly advanced by the annual expeditions for the felling of forests by Generals Nesterov, Kozlovsky and Prince Baryatinsky"

  and the result he reckoned thus: the Chechens, forced off the plain into the Black Mountains, would not be able to feed themselves there and "must in a short time come over to us, or declare submission where they are; then the weak population of the Ichkerians alone will not be able to hold out"

• "Neither plow nor sow": the pogrom of Chechnya, organized famine, the buying-up of elites and the institutions of subjugation (1852-1857) — technique Deportation

  …Baryatinsky, who commanded the left flank of the Caucasus Line (the chain of imperial fortifications on the land of the Nokhchi), counted in a report of 10 February 1853: of roughly 500 inhabitants, 350 were brought to the Groznaya fortress, "the total loss of the inhabitants must be put at around 100 people" - the fate of that hundred, by the report's own admission, "is not known with exactness"

• "Neither plow nor sow": the pogrom of Chechnya, organized famine, the buying-up of elites and the institutions of subjugation (1852-1857) — technique Expropriation of Resources

  The clearings took from the Chechens the land that fed them, and the empire entered this seizure on its books: the order of Vorontsov, viceroy in the Caucasus, for the Separate Caucasus Corps of 5 January 1853 counted the result of the Qachqalyq clearing: "The construction of this clearing took away from the unsubdued Chechens a significant quantity of land, which could feed up to 1,500 souls"