Catalogue · ID 78

Кавказская война. В 5 томах. Том 5. Время Паскевича, или Бунт Чечни

Author: Потто В. А.
Year of publication: 2006
Published in: Москва: Центрполиграф, 2006
Describes Russian colonization of peoples: Nokhchi (Chechens)
Publication rights: not allowed (a 2006 publication under copyright)

Files not published

Where we got it

Edition: https://books.google.com/books/about/Кавказская_война_Том_5.html?id=VUygAAAAQBAJ

Where the knowledge base cites it

This material is cited in 19 places.

Campaigns

• Destruction of the Refugee Aul of Uzeni-Yurt, Extortion of Hostages from Geldigen, and Capture of Samashki Residents at Harvest (1826-1827)

  The imperial historian Potto admits: "the inhabitants of some auls destroyed by Yermolov took refuge in the forests and, unwilling to resettle, abandoned even their fields sown with grain"

  Potto wrote: they "swam across the Argun and had to take a roundabout route in order to cut off the inhabitants' retreat to the forest"

  three women and killed and wounded some fifteen people," after which "the village of Uzeni-Yurt, with all its property and even its livestock, was destroyed to the ground"

  Potto wrote: "Laptev rejected all offers and demanded one thing - amanats (hostages)"

  … 1 more

• Instrumentalization of a Natural Disaster by the Colonizers: Paskevich and Rosen Declare the Earthquake "God's Punishment of the Nokhchi People for Disobedience to the Empire" (1830)

  …order was carried out: General Rosen 4th, who commanded the troops on the left flank of the Caucasus Line (the eastern section of the empire's fortified frontier along the Terek and the Sunzha), "resorted to proclamations in which he strove to assure the people that the earthquake had been sent down upon them as punishment for their treason and ill-intentioned acts against the Russian government"

• Burning of Lowland Chechnya by Velyaminov's Expedition: Demolition of Villages from the Sunzha to Mairtup, Seizure of Astemir's Family, Collective Penalties Imposed on Chechen Villages, the Cutting Down of Fleeing Inhabitants of Dzulgai-Yurt, and Destruction of Winter Stores (1830-1831)

  …be taken from the inhabitants of the two villages of Braguny and Novy-Yurt, past which the raiding party had gone, and returned to the Cossacks,” and after a herd of horses was driven off in the Nogai steppe, “Braguny again paid with exactly the same number of head”; the owner of Novy-Yurt, Shah-Girei, was summoned to Groznaya and confined in a casemate — a prison cell inside the fortress

  Besides them, thirty-nine people were taken prisoner, and about twelve were cut down”

  …were destroyed one after another: Kiter-Yurt “was given over to the flames,” Pkhan-Kichu was burned down, at the village of Daut-Martan “the inhabitants managed to flee, but all their property remained the booty of the detachment,” Edin-Yurt and Daut-Yurt were burned, “enormous stores of harvested hay” were destroyed, Martan-aul and Dzhargan-Yurt were occupied, the aul of Engeli was exterminated

  as men who had given themselves under the protection of their hearths, and therefore never surrendered them”

  … 3 more

Procedures

• Destruction of the Refugee Aul of Uzeni-Yurt, Extortion of Hostages from Geldigen, and Capture of Samashki Residents at Harvest (1826-1827) — technique Punitive Expeditions

  The imperial historian Potto wrote: «Laptev decided to take advantage of that moment to strike a blow in Astemir's absence... and, quickly assembling a detachment, on the night of the tenth of January led it against Uzdeni-Yurt. By dawn the troops already stood before the aul»

• Destruction of the Refugee Aul of Uzeni-Yurt, Extortion of Hostages from Geldigen, and Capture of Samashki Residents at Harvest (1826-1827) — technique Mass Killings of Civilians

  The imperial historian Potto recorded: the Cossacks, «having barely managed to overtake the tail of the fleeing, seized only three women and killed and wounded some fifteen people»

• Destruction of the Refugee Aul of Uzeni-Yurt, Extortion of Hostages from Geldigen, and Capture of Samashki Residents at Harvest (1826-1827) — technique Total Destruction of Infrastructure

  The imperial historian Potto acknowledges: «the village of Uzeni-Yurt, with all its property... was destroyed to its foundations»

• Destruction of the Refugee Aul of Uzeni-Yurt, Extortion of Hostages from Geldigen, and Capture of Samashki Residents at Harvest (1826-1827) — technique Artificial Famine

  The imperial historian Potto recorded: the village, "with all its property and even its livestock, was destroyed to the ground"

  Potto wrote: "beforehand they ordered that they be shown the fields belonging to those Galgai who lived at the mills, and burned their grain where it stood"

• Destruction of the Refugee Aul of Uzeni-Yurt, Extortion of Hostages from Geldigen, and Capture of Samashki Residents at Harvest (1826-1827) — technique Abduction of People

  three women"

  Potto wrote: "Tara-Adzuev and Bulatov's family they carried off with them"

• Destruction of the Refugee Aul of Uzeni-Yurt, Extortion of Hostages from Geldigen, and Capture of Samashki Residents at Harvest (1826-1827) — technique Hostage-Taking

  Willy-nilly this condition had to be accepted, and the people of Geldigen, who had always stood at the head of bloody movements, left in our hands the hostages of their tranquility"

• Destruction of the Refugee Aul of Uzeni-Yurt, Extortion of Hostages from Geldigen, and Capture of Samashki Residents at Harvest (1826-1827) — technique Forced Mobilization

  The imperial historian Potto wrote: they "swam across the Argun and were to go by a roundabout road in order to cut off the inhabitants' retreat to the forest"

  In the summer of 1827, General Engelhardt, commander of the left flank of the Caucasian Line, compelled to take part in the ambush on the inhabitants of Samashki, alongside a hundred Mozdok Cossacks, as Potto recorded, "as many peaceable Chechens"

• Instrumentalization of a Natural Disaster by the Colonizers: Paskevich and Rosen Declare the Earthquake "God's Punishment of the Nokhchi People for Disobedience to the Empire" (1830) — technique Imposition of Its Own Picture of Reality

  The imperial historian Potto recorded the act: Rozen “resorted to proclamations in which he sought to assure the people that the earthquake had been sent down upon them as punishment for their treason and their ill-intentioned acts against the Russian government”

• Burning of Lowland Chechnya by Velyaminov's Expedition: Demolition of Villages from the Sunzha to Mairtup, Seizure of Astemir's Family, Collective Penalties Imposed on Chechen Villages, the Cutting Down of Fleeing Inhabitants of Dzulgai-Yurt, and Destruction of Winter Stores (1830-1831) — technique Punitive Expeditions

  The imperial historian Potto wrote of the method: Velyaminov “would usually mark out a point toward which he advanced unswervingly with his entire detachment, and then, upon reaching it, immediately set up camp and established a fortified wagenburg (a camp enclosed by wagons), from which the troops were dispatched in turn in small columns to exterminate the neighboring auls”

  Potto acknowledges the outcome of the campaign: “the whole of lowland Chechnya, traversed through and through as far as the Kochalyk Ridge, was put to fire and sword by Velyaminov”

• Burning of Lowland Chechnya by Velyaminov's Expedition: Demolition of Villages from the Sunzha to Mairtup, Seizure of Astemir's Family, Collective Penalties Imposed on Chechen Villages, the Cutting Down of Fleeing Inhabitants of Dzulgai-Yurt, and Destruction of Winter Stores (1830-1831) — technique Mass Killings of Civilians

  The rest, having taken cover in the forest, opened an exchange of fire”

• Burning of Lowland Chechnya by Velyaminov's Expedition: Demolition of Villages from the Sunzha to Mairtup, Seizure of Astemir's Family, Collective Penalties Imposed on Chechen Villages, the Cutting Down of Fleeing Inhabitants of Dzulgai-Yurt, and Destruction of Winter Stores (1830-1831) — technique Total Destruction of Infrastructure

  …burned the village of Pkhan-Kichu,” “along the way they burned two more unsubmissive villages: Edin-Yurt and Daut-Yurt,” the troops “managed to exterminate one more aul, Engeli,” the regiments “burned the unsubmissive village of Uzeken-Yurt,” “exterminated in the vicinity the aul of Besenber, with all the hamlets adjoining it,” and on January 21, 1831, “the same fate befell Maiortup itself”

  The submission offered by the villages of Avtury, Geldigen, and Mairtup, together with the handing over of hostages, Velyaminov rejected, demanding the impossible — the surrender of all Russian captives and fugitives — in order to preserve a pretext for exterminating the villages: submission, as Potto admits, “was not at all part of Velyaminov's designs, as he understood the necessity of punishing these auls cruelly”

• Burning of Lowland Chechnya by Velyaminov's Expedition: Demolition of Villages from the Sunzha to Mairtup, Seizure of Astemir's Family, Collective Penalties Imposed on Chechen Villages, the Cutting Down of Fleeing Inhabitants of Dzulgai-Yurt, and Destruction of Winter Stores (1830-1831) — technique Abduction of People

  Besides them, thirty-nine people were taken prisoner”

• Burning of Lowland Chechnya by Velyaminov's Expedition: Demolition of Villages from the Sunzha to Mairtup, Seizure of Astemir's Family, Collective Penalties Imposed on Chechen Villages, the Cutting Down of Fleeing Inhabitants of Dzulgai-Yurt, and Destruction of Winter Stores (1830-1831) — technique Collective Punishment

  This was recorded by the imperial historian Potto

• Burning of Lowland Chechnya by Velyaminov's Expedition: Demolition of Villages from the Sunzha to Mairtup, Seizure of Astemir's Family, Collective Penalties Imposed on Chechen Villages, the Cutting Down of Fleeing Inhabitants of Dzulgai-Yurt, and Destruction of Winter Stores (1830-1831) — technique Artificial Famine

  The imperial historian Potto wrote: during the burning of Edin-Yurt and Daut-Yurt, the troops “destroyed enormous stores of harvested hay”

  on January 17, 1831, Geldigen was put to the torch “with all its stores”

• Burning of Lowland Chechnya by Velyaminov's Expedition: Demolition of Villages from the Sunzha to Mairtup, Seizure of Astemir's Family, Collective Penalties Imposed on Chechen Villages, the Cutting Down of Fleeing Inhabitants of Dzulgai-Yurt, and Destruction of Winter Stores (1830-1831) — technique Destruction of the Natural Landscape

  The imperial historian Potto wrote: Velyaminov “set about cutting a clearing and clearing a road between Aldy and Groznaya in order to prepare for himself a secure gateway to the south”

  On January 21, 1831, Mairtup was exterminated “with its luxuriant gardens and plantations” — orchards of many years' standing, the foundation of the village's way of life, were destroyed

• Burning of Lowland Chechnya by Velyaminov's Expedition: Demolition of Villages from the Sunzha to Mairtup, Seizure of Astemir's Family, Collective Penalties Imposed on Chechen Villages, the Cutting Down of Fleeing Inhabitants of Dzulgai-Yurt, and Destruction of Winter Stores (1830-1831) — technique Pillage

  In December 1830, during the encirclement of the village of Daut-Martan, the troops of General Velyaminov appropriated the property of the fleeing inhabitants: the imperial historian Potto records that "the inhabitants managed to flee, but all their property became the booty of the detachment"