Catalogue · ID 250

Ілюстрована історія України

Author: Грушевський М. С.
Year of publication: 1921
Published in: видання з доведенням до 1918 року; репринт Нью-Йорк, 1967
Describes Russian colonization of peoples: Ukrainians
Publication rights: free: document (the 1921 document is free, but it was printed in a 1967 edition — only the text of the document is published, not the edition)

What is here

Same folder on GitHub

Where we got it

Original source: https://diasporiana.org.ua/istoriya/2650-grushevskiy-m-ilyustrovana-istoriya-ukrayini-rusi/

The text was transcribed by us from a scan or saved from the source page; the original file is kept alongside so the transcription can be checked.

Where the knowledge base cites it

This material is cited in 13 places.

Campaigns

• Truce of Andrusovo (1667)

  Hrushevsky records the reaction to the partition: "there was great resentment against the Muscovite government for agreeing to cede Right-Bank Ukraine to Poland in the armistice of 1667: it divided Ukraine with Poland and did not keep what it had promised when taking Ukraine under the tsar's hand"

• Mazepa's Defection to Sweden and the Baturyn Massacre (1708)

  The massacre ran in parallel with propaganda: "Tsarist letters were circulated among the people claiming that Mazepa had gone over to the Swedes in order to hand Ukraine to Poland, to introduce the Union in Ukraine and eradicate the pious faith; that he was an apostate, a secret Catholic"

• Military Liquidation of the Zaporozhian Sich (1775)

  The Zaporozhians were even faulted for their own husbandry: they "were establishing their own tillage and thereby severing their dependence on the Russian state"

Procedures

• Truce of Andrusovo (1667) — technique Collusion with a Third Party Behind the People's Back

  "Muscovy then did not give it back"

• Publication of the "Synopsis" (1674) — technique Denial of a Distinct Identity

  Hrushevsky points out what exactly was erased: the "Synopsis" is "a brief history of Rus composed at the Pechersk Lavra, done very lifelessly and incompletely (the history of the Cossacks, the struggle against Poland, and all of Ukraine's recent history are almost entirely omitted from it)"

• "Eternal Peace" with Poland (1686) — technique Collusion with a Third Party Behind the People's Back

  Ukrainian historiography recorded the deal as an ordinary purchase - Hrushevsky: Muscovy "concluded an eternal accord with Poland (paying, in addition, another 146 thousand rubles for Kyiv)"

• Integration Reforms of Peter I and the Great Northern War (1700–1708) — technique Deprivation of Agency

  The Muscovite government had pursued this line from the very beginning"

• Mazepa's Defection to Sweden and the Baturyn Massacre (1708) — technique Terror

  Hrushevsky: the Muscovite army, having taken Baturyn "through the treachery of one man," "dealt terribly with the populace: the people were slaughtered, the town razed to the ground, the commanders given over to terrible tortures"

• Mazepa's Defection to Sweden and the Baturyn Massacre (1708) — technique Puppet Government

  Hrushevsky records the mechanics of dependence: "The hetman's residence was moved from Baturyn to Hlukhiv, right up against the Muscovite border, and two Muscovite regiments were garrisoned there so that the residents could arrest the hetman and the officers at once," and "everyone in Ukraine understood that power lay not with the hetman but with those residents"

• Military Liquidation of the Zaporozhian Sich (1775) — technique Destruction of Historical Memory

  Hrushevsky: "The Sich was destroyed, and on 3 August a tsarist decree announced its abolition, 'with the annihilation of the very name of the Zaporozhian Cossacks'"

• Crushing of the Cyril and Methodius Society (1847) — technique Neutralization of the Opposition

  …midst of its very formation" after a student's denunciation; "The heaviest punishment fell on Shevchenko: he was given over to the soldiery and exiled to the trans-Caspian desert, forbidden to write and to paint," and "persecutions and prohibitions previously unheard of descended upon Ukrainian thought and the Ukrainian word… the very words Ukraine, Little Russia, Hetmanate were deemed criminal"

• Formation of the Ideology of Great-Power Chauvinism (1864–1876) — technique Cultivation of a Logic of Superiority

  Hrushevsky records both the thesis and its reach: Valuev invoked an imaginary "majority of Little Russians" who allegedly "know neither a Ukrainian nationality nor language, only one Russian people and tongue," while the ideology's mouthpieces carried it to the formula "there are no Ruthenians — there is only one 'Russian people' from the Carpathians to Kamchatka"

• Soviet-Ukrainian War: First Invasion and the Puppet Government (December 1917 - April 1918) — technique Mass Killings of Civilians

  Mykhailo Hrushevsky, head of the Central Rada, wrote about the commander in 1921: "the chief commandant, the former gendarme Muravyov, back in February boasted of shooting Ukrainians and of ruining their property"